[core] Fix workflow runtime error normalization to avoid `[object Promise]` and preserve provider failure context #989

karthikscale3 · 2026-02-10T01:22:27Z

PR Title

Fix workflow runtime error normalization to avoid [object Promise] and preserve provider failure context

Summary

Adds native normalization for unknown thrown values in @workflow/core, including Promise/thenable throw/rejection cases.
Replaces string coercion paths (that produced [object Promise]) with structured normalized errors in step/runtime failure handling.
Ensures retry/final failure events and logs include meaningful message/stack so provider errors (for example AI Gateway/Veo failures) remain readable and diagnosable.

Why

Workflow retries were ending with opaque errors like failed after 3 retries: [object Promise], which masked the actual provider failure reason and made o11y/debugging difficult.

What changed (workflow package)

packages/core/src/types.ts
- Introduced normalizeUnknownError(...) (async) to normalize:
  - native Error
  - string/non-error values
  - Promise/thenable thrown values and rejections
packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts
- Uses normalized error output for step_retrying and step_failed event payloads/messages.
packages/core/src/runtime.ts
- Uses normalized error output for run_failed workflow-level failures.

Behavior before vs after

Before: retry exhaustion could surface [object Promise].
After: retry exhaustion surfaces concrete provider/system error details (message + stack), improving API error propagation and telemetry clarity.

Test plan

Run a workflow step that throws/rejects with a Promise-like value and verify no [object Promise] appears.
Trigger a provider failure (for example blocked Veo prompt) and verify retry/final failure message includes real provider details.
Verify step_retrying, step_failed, and run_failed events contain normalized error fields.
Confirm no regression for standard Error throws in successful retry/failure flows.

changeset-bot · 2026-02-10T01:22:32Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c345c9a

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

vercel · 2026-02-10T01:22:35Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 10, 2026 2:29am

github-actions · 2026-02-10T01:22:40Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	490	0	38	528
✅ 💻 Local Development	418	0	62	480
✅ 📦 Local Production	418	0	62	480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	418	0	62	480
✅ 🪟 Windows	45	0	3	48
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	106	41	9	156
✅ 📋 Other	123	0	21	144
Total	2018	41	257	2316

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (41 failed)

turso (41 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	44	4
✅ example	44	4
✅ express	44	4
✅ fastify	44	4
✅ hono	44	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	47	1
✅ nitro	44	4
✅ nuxt	44	4
✅ sveltekit	44	4
✅ vite	44	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	41	7
✅ express-stable	41	7
✅ fastify-stable	41	7
✅ hono-stable	41	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	45	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	45	3
✅ nitro-stable	41	7
✅ nuxt-stable	41	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	41	7
✅ vite-stable	41	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	41	7
✅ express-stable	41	7
✅ fastify-stable	41	7
✅ hono-stable	41	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	45	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	45	3
✅ nitro-stable	41	7
✅ nuxt-stable	41	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	41	7
✅ vite-stable	41	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	41	7
✅ express-stable	41	7
✅ fastify-stable	41	7
✅ hono-stable	41	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	45	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	45	3
✅ nitro-stable	41	7
✅ nuxt-stable	41	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	41	7
✅ vite-stable	41	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	45	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	45	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	45	0	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	41	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	41	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	41	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	41	7

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-02-10T01:22:42Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.031s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (+17.6% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s	1.005s	0.965s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.046s	1.004s	0.958s	10	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.072s	1.007s	0.935s	10	2.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.159s (-33.9% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.850s	10	5.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.266s (-25.4% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.5%)	0.743s	10	8.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.813s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.426s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.613s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.856s (+0.8%)	2.687s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.831s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.892s (+3.6%)	2.372s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.480s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s	2.005s	0.908s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.101s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (+2.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.900s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.106s	2.006s	0.900s	10	1.01x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.307s	2.007s	0.701s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.649s (-29.7% 🟢)	2.011s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.363s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.278s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.735s	10	2.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.779s (~)	3.833s (-6.9% 🟢)	1.054s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.844s (+3.9%)	4.183s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.339s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.273s (+18.6% 🔺)	4.268s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.996s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.691s	11.021s	0.329s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.723s	11.023s	0.300s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.806s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.213s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.824s (+1.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.197s	3	1.01x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s	13.017s	0.829s	3	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	15.290s (-20.4% 🟢)	16.043s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.753s	2	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.401s (+0.7%)	21.055s (~)	0.654s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.863s (+16.5% 🔺)	23.903s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.040s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.530s (+20.3% 🔺)	25.056s (+18.5% 🔺)	1.526s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.555s (+26.8% 🔺)	28.447s (+25.4% 🔺)	1.891s	2	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.808s	27.047s	0.239s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.209s	28.052s	0.843s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.378s (~)	28.049s (~)	0.671s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	27.489s (+1.9%)	28.050s (+2.4%)	0.561s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.381s	31.041s	0.659s	2	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	38.114s (-17.1% 🟢)	38.600s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.485s	2	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	49.946s (-0.7%)	50.626s (~)	0.680s	2	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	49.992s (-5.7% 🟢)	51.488s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.496s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	50.331s (~)	52.001s (+1.6%)	1.670s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	50.527s (-4.1%)	51.310s (-4.9%)	0.783s	2	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.169s	55.094s	0.925s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.675s	57.100s	0.425s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.936s (~)	57.098s (-0.9%)	0.162s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	57.302s (+2.3%)	58.105s (+2.7%)	0.803s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.650s	61.065s	0.415s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	80.232s (-16.5% 🟢)	80.687s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.455s	2	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.435s (~)	101.231s (+1.0%)	0.796s	1	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	104.803s (-2.6%)	106.670s (-2.5%)	1.867s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	106.638s (+0.8%)	108.301s (+0.7%)	1.663s	1	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	117.072s (+9.1% 🔺)	118.235s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.163s	1	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.752s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.388s (-2.7%)	2.004s (~)	0.617s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.404s	2.006s	0.602s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (+2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.584s	15	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.976s (-12.7% 🟢)	2.322s (-23.0% 🟢)	0.346s	13	1.58x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s	3.007s	0.869s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.559s (+15.4% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.453s	10	2.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.837s (~)	4.175s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.339s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.057s (-9.3% 🟢)	4.046s (-9.6% 🟢)	0.990s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.178s (+7.5% 🔺)	4.124s (+1.1%)	0.947s	8	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.478s (-1.5%)	3.007s (~)	0.529s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.495s	3.007s	0.513s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.579s	3.007s	0.428s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.608s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.007s (~)	0.399s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.704s	5.177s	0.473s	6	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Express	8.668s (+8.5% 🔺)	9.278s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.610s	4	3.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.157s (+39.0% 🔺)	11.712s (+37.2% 🔺)	0.555s	3	4.50x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.246s (-44.4% 🟢)	4.194s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.948s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.263s (-10.1% 🟢)	4.238s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.975s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.272s (~)	4.427s (~)	1.155s	7	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.044s	4.724s	0.680s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.121s (-3.0%)	7.767s (-3.2%)	0.645s	4	1.76x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.410s	8.014s	0.604s	4	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	7.596s (+14.9% 🔺)	8.024s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.428s	4	1.88x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.866s	10.349s	0.483s	3	2.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	49.236s (-4.0%)	50.119s (-3.9%)	0.883s	1	12.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.811s (+9.7% 🔺)	52.150s (+8.4% 🔺)	0.339s	1	12.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.798s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.032s (-39.6% 🟢)	1.234s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.045s (-47.4% 🟢)	5.322s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.277s	6	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.681s (-20.3% 🟢)	6.076s (-22.9% 🟢)	1.395s	5	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.267s	2.005s	0.739s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.421s (+3.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.584s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (-2.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.573s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.442s	2.006s	0.563s	15	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.954s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.321s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.367s	13	1.54x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.116s (~)	2.512s (~)	0.396s	12	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.187s	3.007s	0.820s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.675s (-21.7% 🟢)	4.096s (-8.9% 🟢)	1.421s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.715s (-1.6%)	3.713s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.998s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.740s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.783s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.043s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.471s	3.007s	0.536s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.610s	3.008s	0.398s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.666s (-3.3%)	3.007s (-3.3%)	0.341s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	2.699s (+13.0% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.308s	10	1.09x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.596s	5.175s	0.579s	6	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.246s (-27.7% 🟢)	9.779s (-26.9% 🟢)	0.533s	4	3.74x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.989s (+5.1% 🔺)	11.364s (+3.0%)	0.375s	3	4.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.964s (-20.4% 🟢)	4.368s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.404s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.099s (+8.5% 🔺)	4.344s (+19.7% 🔺)	1.245s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.318s (-21.5% 🟢)	5.091s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.772s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.047s	4.581s	0.534s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.475s (-8.3% 🟢)	8.016s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.542s	4	1.85x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.535s	8.266s	0.731s	4	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	8.086s (+13.6% 🔺)	8.773s (+9.5% 🔺)	0.687s	4	2.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.723s	10.347s	0.624s	3	2.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	48.435s (-7.4% 🟢)	49.124s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.689s	1	11.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	54.701s (+5.4% 🔺)	55.125s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.424s	1	13.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.421s (-53.2% 🟢)	4.838s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.417s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.509s (-59.7% 🟢)	4.860s (-52.8% 🟢)	1.351s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.744s (-41.2% 🟢)	5.215s (-32.2% 🟢)	1.471s	6	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.141s	1.001s	0.011s	1.016s	0.875s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.147s	1.000s	0.002s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.169s (-2.3%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.846s	10	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+37.2% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (+2.1%)	1.015s (~)	0.844s	10	1.22x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.464s	0.982s	0.001s	1.008s	0.544s	10	3.30x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.259s (+1.2%)	1.780s (-0.9%)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.754s	10	8.95x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.208s (-3.2%)	2.830s (+2.7%)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.806s	10	15.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.479s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.937s (-4.6%)	0.159s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.837s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.358s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.549s (-25.8% 🟢)	3.086s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.096s (-46.9% 🟢)	3.957s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.408s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.624s (+1.0%)	3.204s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.182s (-15.7% 🟢)	4.247s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.624s	10	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	8/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

karthikscale3 · 2026-02-10T02:34:02Z

packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts

            expect(result.message).toContain('Step error message');
-            // Stack trace contains function name and source file
-            expect(result.stack).toContain('errorStepFn');
+            // Stack trace can show either the original step function or its transformed wrapper name


this test was flaky, so i fixed it as part of this PR - it's unrelated to the changes made in this PR

karthikscale3 added 13 commits January 27, 2026 10:51

Merge branch 'main' of github.com:vercel/workflow

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Merge branch 'main' of github.com:vercel/workflow

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Merge branch 'main' of github.com:vercel/workflow

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Merge branch 'main' of github.com:vercel/workflow

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Merge branch 'main' of github.com:vercel/workflow

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Merge branch 'main' of github.com:vercel/workflow

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Merge branch 'main' of github.com:vercel/workflow

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Merge branch 'main' of github.com:vercel/workflow

53503a4

[workflow/core] normalize errors cleanly

2dbbd42

karthikscale3 requested a review from TooTallNate February 10, 2026 01:22

karthikscale3 requested review from VaguelySerious and pranaygp February 10, 2026 01:22

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karthikscale3 mentioned this pull request Feb 10, 2026

Fix for surfacing up errors suarezesteban/v0-character-swap-app#164

Merged

test fix

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karthikscale3 commented Feb 10, 2026

View reviewed changes

VaguelySerious approved these changes Feb 10, 2026

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karthikscale3 merged commit fc4cad6 into main Feb 10, 2026
97 of 99 checks passed

karthikscale3 deleted the karthik/error-serialization branch February 10, 2026 17:44

vercel-release-bot mentioned this pull request Feb 10, 2026

Version Packages (beta) #987

Merged

[core] Fix workflow runtime error normalization to avoid [object Promise] and preserve provider failure context #989

[core] Fix workflow runtime error normalization to avoid [object Promise] and preserve provider failure context #989

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karthikscale3 commented Feb 10, 2026

PR Title

Summary

Why

What changed (workflow package)

Behavior before vs after

Test plan

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🧪 E2E Test Results

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❌ Failed Tests

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📊 Benchmark Results

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

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[core] Fix workflow runtime error normalization to avoid `[object Promise]` and preserve provider failure context #989

[core] Fix workflow runtime error normalization to avoid `[object Promise]` and preserve provider failure context #989

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