build: Bump Python minimal version to 3.12

[gfieni]

Detailed changes :

• Bump minimal supported Python version to 3.12 (from 3.10)
• Update PyPI project classifiers and urls
• Fix ruff warnings related to minimal python version changes (UP017, UP046)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 81.81818% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 70.61%. Comparing base (82259df) to head (123aa03).
⚠️ Report is 4 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/powerapi/database/opentsdb/codecs.py	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/powerapi/database/socket/codecs.py	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #783      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   70.62%   70.61%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          90       90              
  Lines        2894     2893       -1     
==========================================
- Hits         2044     2043       -1     
  Misses        850      850              

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/powerapi/database/codec.py	95.65% <100.00%> (-0.19%)	⬇️
src/powerapi/database/csv/codecs.py	94.11% <100.00%> (ø)
src/powerapi/database/opentsdb/codecs.py	72.72% <50.00%> (ø)
src/powerapi/database/socket/codecs.py	80.00% <50.00%> (ø)

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