fix(build): handle rate limiting causing failures in build

[sicoyle]

Description

There have been several PRs such as this one with 3.14 failing the build on the validation of the quickstarts: https://github.com/dapr/python-sdk/actions/runs/23053657978/job/66961073927

This is because curl fetches the latest version and gets rate-limited since this is unathenticated calls, and then DAPR_CLI_VER is an empty string, which yields the broken zip URL of download//dapr_linux_amd64.tar.gz.

This PR makes the curl authenticated which should increase our rate limits and use proper json parsing with jq and more reliable checks for proper installation.

Issue reference

We strive to have all PR being opened based on an issue, where the problem or feature have been discussed prior to implementation.

Please reference the issue this PR will close: #[issue number]

Checklist

Please make sure you've completed the relevant tasks for this PR, out of the following list:

• Code compiles correctly
• Created/updated tests
• Extended the documentation

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates the CI workflow that validates examples to be more resilient to GitHub API rate limiting when resolving “latest” Dapr runtime/CLI versions, which was causing broken download URLs and failing builds.

Changes:

• Uses authenticated GitHub API requests (via GITHUB_TOKEN) and jq to reliably resolve the latest Dapr Runtime and Dapr CLI release tags.
• Adds explicit checks to fail fast when a release version cannot be resolved.
• Replaces the CLI install script usage with a direct download + extract of the Dapr CLI binary.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.16%. Comparing base (bffb749) to head (2c937fd).
⚠️ Report is 93 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #958      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   86.63%   89.16%   +2.53%     
==========================================
  Files          84      104      +20     
  Lines        4473     7410    +2937     
==========================================
+ Hits         3875     6607    +2732     
- Misses        598      803     +205     

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[acroca]

@sicoyle Soon we'll be able to move to use shared workflow actions, see: dapr/.github#8