fix: replace blocking NFC calls with proper coroutine/suspend APIs across all platforms

app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/DesktopCardScanner.kt

@@ -71,49 +71,50 @@ class DesktopCardScanner : CardScanner {
 
         scanJob =
             scope.launch {
-                val backends = discoverBackends()
-                val backendJobs =
-                    backends.map { backend ->
-                        launch {
-                            println("[DesktopCardScanner] Starting ${backend.name} backend")
-                            try {
-                                backend.scanLoop(
-                                    onCardDetected = { tag ->
-                                        _scannedTags.tryEmit(tag)
-                                    },
-                                    onCardRead = { rawCard ->
-                                        _scannedCards.tryEmit(rawCard)
-                                    },
-                                    onError = { error ->
-                                        _scanErrors.tryEmit(error)
-                                    },
-                                )
-                            } catch (e: Exception) {
-                                if (isActive) {
-                                    println("[DesktopCardScanner] ${backend.name} backend failed: ${e.message}")
+                try {
+                    val backends = discoverBackends()
+                    val backendJobs =
+                        backends.map { backend ->
+                            launch {
+                                println("[DesktopCardScanner] Starting ${backend.name} backend")
+                                try {
+                                    backend.scanLoop(
+                                        onCardDetected = { tag ->
+                                            _scannedTags.tryEmit(tag)
+                                        },
+                                        onCardRead = { rawCard ->
+                                            _scannedCards.tryEmit(rawCard)
+                                        },
+                                        onError = { error ->
+                                            _scanErrors.tryEmit(error)
+                                        },
+                                    )
+                                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                                    if (isActive) {
+                                        println("[DesktopCardScanner] ${backend.name} backend failed: ${e.message}")
+                                    }
+                                } catch (e: Error) {
+                                    // Catch LinkageError / UnsatisfiedLinkError from native libs
+                                    println("[DesktopCardScanner] ${backend.name} backend unavailable: ${e.message}")
                                 }
-                            } catch (e: Error) {
-                                // Catch LinkageError / UnsatisfiedLinkError from native libs
-                                println("[DesktopCardScanner] ${backend.name} backend unavailable: ${e.message}")
                             }
                         }
-                    }
 
-                backendJobs.forEach { it.join() }
+                    backendJobs.forEach { it.join() }
 
-                // All backends exited — emit error only if none ran successfully
-                if (isActive) {
-                    _scanErrors.tryEmit(Exception("All NFC reader backends failed. Is a USB NFC reader connected?"))
+                    // All backends exited — emit error only if none ran successfully
+                    if (isActive) {
+                        _scanErrors.tryEmit(Exception("All NFC reader backends failed. Is a USB NFC reader connected?"))
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    _isScanning.value = false
                 }
-                _isScanning.value = false
             }
     }
 
     override fun stopActiveScan() {
         scanJob?.cancel()
         scanJob = null
-        _isScanning.value = false
-        PN533Device.shutdown()
     }
 
     private suspend fun discoverBackends(): List<NfcReaderBackend> {

app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/NfcReaderBackend.kt

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ScannedTag
 interface NfcReaderBackend {
     val name: String
 
-    fun scanLoop(
+    suspend fun scanLoop(
         onCardDetected: (ScannedTag) -> Unit,
         onCardRead: (RawCard<*>) -> Unit,
         onError: (Throwable) -> Unit,

app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PN53xReaderBackend.kt

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ import com.codebutler.farebot.card.ultralight.UltralightCardReader
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ISO7816Dispatcher
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ScannedTag
 import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
-import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 
 /**
  * Abstract base for PN53x-family USB reader backends.
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
         tg: Int,
     ): CardTransceiver = PN533CardTransceiver(pn533, tg)
 
-    override fun scanLoop(
+    override suspend fun scanLoop(
         onCardDetected: (ScannedTag) -> Unit,
         onCardRead: (RawCard<*>) -> Unit,
         onError: (Throwable) -> Unit,
@@ -72,10 +71,8 @@ abstract class PN53xReaderBackend(
         transport.flush()
         val pn533 = PN533(transport)
         try {
-            runBlocking {
-                initDevice(pn533)
-                pollLoop(pn533, onCardDetected, onCardRead, onError)
-            }
+            initDevice(pn533)
+            pollLoop(pn533, onCardDetected, onCardRead, onError)
         } finally {
             pn533.close()
         }

app/desktop/src/jvmMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/desktop/PcscReaderBackend.kt

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ import com.codebutler.farebot.card.ultralight.UltralightCardReader
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.vicinity.VicinityCardReader
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ISO7816Dispatcher
 import com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc.ScannedTag
-import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
 import javax.smartcardio.CardException
 import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU
 import javax.smartcardio.TerminalFactory
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ import javax.smartcardio.TerminalFactory
 class PcscReaderBackend : NfcReaderBackend {
     override val name: String = "PC/SC"
 
-    override fun scanLoop(
+    override suspend fun scanLoop(
         onCardDetected: (ScannedTag) -> Unit,
         onCardRead: (RawCard<*>) -> Unit,
         onError: (Throwable) -> Unit,
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ class PcscReaderBackend : NfcReaderBackend {
                     println("[PC/SC] Tag ID: ${tagId.hex()}")
 
                     onCardDetected(ScannedTag(id = tagId, techList = listOf(info.cardType.name)))
-                    val rawCard = runBlocking { readCard(info, channel, tagId) }
+                    val rawCard = readCard(info, channel, tagId)
                     onCardRead(rawCard)
                     println("[PC/SC] Card read successfully")
                 } finally {

app/ios/FareBot.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -7,46 +7,18 @@
 	objects = {
 
 /* Begin PBXBuildFile section */
-		7BFF0BD60CC51FB78D8A764D /* FareBotKit.framework in Embed Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = E296318A4ABC8EE549B0C47E /* FareBotKit.framework */; settings = {ATTRIBUTES = (CodeSignOnCopy, RemoveHeadersOnCopy, ); }; };
 		8E11E423477F24B274729679 /* iOSApp.swift in Sources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 534508E7AAA01FF336ECDC0C /* iOSApp.swift */; };
 		D52C887B87D2D7CD2DF7A030 /* Assets.xcassets in Resources */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 445C357A8AB1DD9317170556 /* Assets.xcassets */; };
-		EA3AC0F2B800448FB22567C4 /* FareBotKit.framework in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = E296318A4ABC8EE549B0C47E /* FareBotKit.framework */; };
 /* End PBXBuildFile section */
 
-/* Begin PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase section */
-		C396E052E1BD6239F169D5D4 /* Embed Frameworks */ = {
-			isa = PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase;
-			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
-			dstPath = "";
-			dstSubfolderSpec = 10;
-			files = (
-				7BFF0BD60CC51FB78D8A764D /* FareBotKit.framework in Embed Frameworks */,
-			);
-			name = "Embed Frameworks";
-			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
-		};
-/* End PBXCopyFilesBuildPhase section */
-
 /* Begin PBXFileReference section */
 		154ABFFD520502DDADF58B61 /* FareBot.app */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; includeInIndex = 0; lastKnownFileType = wrapper.application; path = FareBot.app; sourceTree = BUILT_PRODUCTS_DIR; };
 		445C357A8AB1DD9317170556 /* Assets.xcassets */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = folder.assetcatalog; path = Assets.xcassets; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		534508E7AAA01FF336ECDC0C /* iOSApp.swift */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = sourcecode.swift; path = iOSApp.swift; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		A893E13DD60D0B10ECB49A59 /* FareBot.entitlements */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = text.plist.entitlements; path = FareBot.entitlements; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
-		E296318A4ABC8EE549B0C47E /* FareBotKit.framework */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = wrapper.framework; name = FareBotKit.framework; path = "../farebot-app/build/bin/iosSimulatorArm64/debugFramework/FareBotKit.framework"; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 		E65B641D90F72BA2E1DEAFF7 /* Info.plist */ = {isa = PBXFileReference; lastKnownFileType = text.plist; path = Info.plist; sourceTree = "<group>"; };
 /* End PBXFileReference section */
 
-/* Begin PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
-		E1F31206D4AE717D1E2DE8D8 /* Frameworks */ = {
-			isa = PBXFrameworksBuildPhase;
-			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
-			files = (
-				EA3AC0F2B800448FB22567C4 /* FareBotKit.framework in Frameworks */,
-			);
-			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
-		};
-/* End PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
-
 /* Begin PBXGroup section */
 		2098F79B3F3B6A526575D03F /* Products */ = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
@@ -67,19 +39,10 @@
 			path = FareBot;
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
 		};
-		9B0F3B4C26A1726B3C4A2BE9 /* Frameworks */ = {
-			isa = PBXGroup;
-			children = (
-				E296318A4ABC8EE549B0C47E /* FareBotKit.framework */,
-			);
-			name = Frameworks;
-			sourceTree = "<group>";
-		};
 		E8645766090C58DFD719F43E = {
 			isa = PBXGroup;
 			children = (
 				35C5B4B3C4B8B2643DF5E68A /* FareBot */,
-				9B0F3B4C26A1726B3C4A2BE9 /* Frameworks */,
 				2098F79B3F3B6A526575D03F /* Products */,
 			);
 			sourceTree = "<group>";
@@ -94,8 +57,6 @@
 				B2007E057701C93D2F6474DC /* Build KMP Framework */,
 				42DDFD780701DBC1BD02AB98 /* Sources */,
 				5DA19835EA0C3024B2D5A4B9 /* Resources */,
-				E1F31206D4AE717D1E2DE8D8 /* Frameworks */,
-				C396E052E1BD6239F169D5D4 /* Embed Frameworks */,
 			);
 			buildRules = (
 			);
@@ -176,7 +137,7 @@
 			);
 			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
 			shellPath = /bin/sh;
-			shellScript = "cd \"$SRCROOT/..\"\n./gradlew :farebot-app:embedAndSignAppleFrameworkForXcode\n";
+			shellScript = "cd \"$SRCROOT/../..\"\n./gradlew :app:embedAndSignAppleFrameworkForXcode\n";
 		};
 /* End PBXShellScriptBuildPhase section */
 
@@ -324,11 +285,10 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
 				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = ZJ9GEQ36AH;
 				FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_PATHS = (
-					"$(SRCROOT)/../farebot-app/build/XCFrameworks/release",
-					"$(SRCROOT)/../farebot-app/build/bin/iosSimulatorArm64/debugFramework",
-					"$(SRCROOT)/../farebot-app/build/bin/iosArm64/debugFramework",
-					"$(SRCROOT)/../farebot-app/build/bin/iosX64/debugFramework",
-					"\"../farebot-app/build/bin/iosSimulatorArm64/debugFramework\"",
+					"$(SRCROOT)/../../app/build/XCFrameworks/release",
+					"$(SRCROOT)/../../app/build/bin/iosSimulatorArm64/debugFramework",
+					"$(SRCROOT)/../../app/build/bin/iosArm64/debugFramework",
+					"$(SRCROOT)/../../app/build/bin/iosX64/debugFramework",
 				);
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = FareBot/Info.plist;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
@@ -357,11 +317,10 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = Automatic;
 				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = ZJ9GEQ36AH;
 				FRAMEWORK_SEARCH_PATHS = (
-					"$(SRCROOT)/../farebot-app/build/XCFrameworks/release",
-					"$(SRCROOT)/../farebot-app/build/bin/iosSimulatorArm64/debugFramework",
-					"$(SRCROOT)/../farebot-app/build/bin/iosArm64/debugFramework",
-					"$(SRCROOT)/../farebot-app/build/bin/iosX64/debugFramework",
-					"\"../farebot-app/build/bin/iosSimulatorArm64/debugFramework\"",
+					"$(SRCROOT)/../../app/build/XCFrameworks/release",
+					"$(SRCROOT)/../../app/build/bin/iosSimulatorArm64/debugFramework",
+					"$(SRCROOT)/../../app/build/bin/iosArm64/debugFramework",
+					"$(SRCROOT)/../../app/build/bin/iosX64/debugFramework",
 				);
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = FareBot/Info.plist;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (

app/ios/project.yml

@@ -38,9 +38,6 @@ targets:
       SystemCapabilities:
         com.apple.NearFieldCommunicationTagReading:
           enabled: 1
-    dependencies:
-      - framework: "../../app/build/bin/iosSimulatorArm64/debugFramework/FareBotKit.framework"
-        embed: true
     preBuildScripts:
       - name: "Build KMP Framework"
         script: |

app/src/iosMain/kotlin/com/codebutler/farebot/shared/nfc/IosNfcScanner.kt

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ package com.codebutler.farebot.shared.nfc
 
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.RawCard
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.cepas.CEPASCardReader
+import com.codebutler.farebot.card.desfire.DesfireCardReader
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.felica.FeliCaReader
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.felica.IosFeliCaTagAdapter
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.nfc.IosCardTransceiver
@@ -33,19 +34,23 @@ import com.codebutler.farebot.card.nfc.toByteArray
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.ultralight.UltralightCardReader
 import com.codebutler.farebot.card.vicinity.VicinityCardReader
 import kotlinx.cinterop.ExperimentalForeignApi
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.IO
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asSharedFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCFeliCaTagProtocol
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCISO15693TagProtocol
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCMiFareDESFire
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCMiFareTagProtocol
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCMiFareUltralight
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCPollingISO14443
+import platform.CoreNFC.NFCPollingISO15693
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCPollingISO18092
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCTagReaderSession
 import platform.CoreNFC.NFCTagReaderSessionDelegateProtocol
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
         dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
             val newSession =
                 NFCTagReaderSession(
-                    pollingOption = NFCPollingISO14443 or NFCPollingISO18092,
+                    pollingOption = NFCPollingISO14443 or NFCPollingISO15693 or NFCPollingISO18092,
                     delegate = scanDelegate,
                     queue = nfcQueue,
                 )
@@ -170,14 +175,40 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
                 }
 
                 session.alertMessage = "Reading card… Keep holding."
-                try {
-                    val rawCard = readTag(tag)
-                    session.alertMessage = "Done!"
-                    session.invalidateSession()
-                    onCardScanned(rawCard)
-                } catch (e: Exception) {
+
+                // Bridge suspend card readers using coroutine + GCD semaphore.
+                // We use CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO) instead of runBlocking to avoid
+                // interfering with GCD's management of the workerQueue thread.
+                val readSemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0)
+                var rawCard: RawCard<*>? = null
+                var readException: Exception? = null
+
+                CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
+                    try {
+                        rawCard = readTag(tag)
+                    } catch (e: Exception) {
+                        readException = e
+                    } finally {
+                        dispatch_semaphore_signal(readSemaphore)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                dispatch_semaphore_wait(readSemaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)
+
+                readException?.let { e ->
                     session.invalidateSessionWithErrorMessage("Read failed: ${e.message}")
                     onError("Read failed: ${e.message ?: "Unknown error"}")
+                    return@dispatch_async
+                }
+
+                val card = rawCard
+                if (card != null) {
+                    session.alertMessage = "Done!"
+                    session.invalidateSession()
+                    onCardScanned(card)
+                } else {
+                    session.invalidateSessionWithErrorMessage("Read failed: no card data")
+                    onError("Read failed: no card data")
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -197,14 +228,12 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
         override fun tagReaderSessionDidBecomeActive(session: NFCTagReaderSession) {
         }
 
-        private fun readTag(tag: Any): RawCard<*> =
-            runBlocking {
-                when (tag) {
-                    is NFCFeliCaTagProtocol -> readFelicaTag(tag)
-                    is NFCMiFareTagProtocol -> readMiFareTag(tag)
-                    is NFCISO15693TagProtocol -> readVicinityTag(tag)
-                    else -> throw Exception("Unsupported NFC tag type")
-                }
+        private suspend fun readTag(tag: Any): RawCard<*> =
+            when (tag) {
+                is NFCFeliCaTagProtocol -> readFelicaTag(tag)
+                is NFCMiFareTagProtocol -> readMiFareTag(tag)
+                is NFCISO15693TagProtocol -> readVicinityTag(tag)
+                else -> throw Exception("Unsupported NFC tag type")
             }
 
         private suspend fun readFelicaTag(tag: NFCFeliCaTagProtocol): RawCard<*> {
@@ -228,10 +257,14 @@ class IosNfcScanner : CardScanner {
             val tagId = tag.identifier.toByteArray()
             return when (tag.mifareFamily) {
                 NFCMiFareDESFire -> {
+                    // Use DESFire native protocol directly. iOS requires AIDs to be
+                    // registered in Info.plist for ISO 7816 SELECT commands — an
+                    // unregistered AID causes Core NFC to kill the entire session.
+                    // DESFire native protocol avoids this by not sending SELECT commands.
                     val transceiver = IosCardTransceiver(tag)
                     transceiver.connect()
                     try {
-                        ISO7816Dispatcher.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
+                        DesfireCardReader.readCard(tagId, transceiver)
                     } finally {
                         if (transceiver.isConnected) {
                             try {