🐳 Roboshop — Docker Containerization

🎯 Project Overview

Roboshop is a full-stack e-commerce microservices application fully containerized using Docker and Docker Compose. Each microservice runs in its own container with proper networking, security hardening, volume management, and environment configuration. Implements Docker best practices including multi-stage builds, non-root users, and Alpine base images.

🏗️ Architecture

┌─────────────┐ │ Browser │ └──────┬──────┘ │ :80 ┌──────▼──────┐ │ Frontend │ │(Nginx:Alpine)│ └──────┬──────┘ │ ┌─────────────────┼──────────────────┐ │ │ │ ┌─────────────┐ │ Browser │ └──────┬──────┘ │ :80 ┌──────▼──────┐ │ Frontend │ │(Nginx:Alpine)│ └──────┬──────┘ │ ┌─────────────────┼──────────────────┐ │ │ │ ┌──────▼──────┐ ┌──────▼──────┐ ┌───────▼──────┐ │ Catalogue │ │ User │ │ Cart │ │(Node:Alpine)│ │(Node:Alpine)│ │ (Node:Alpine)│ └──────┬──────┘ └──────┬──────┘ └───────┬──────┘ │ │ │ ┌──────▼──────┐ ┌──────▼──────┐ ┌───────▼──────┐ │ MongoDB │ │ MySQL │ │ Redis │ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ ┌─────────────┼──────────────┐ │ │ │ ┌──────▼─────┐ ┌────▼──────┐ ┌────▼──────┐ │ Shipping │ │ Payment │ │ RabbitMQ │ │ (Java) │ │ (Python) │ │ │ └────────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘

🛠️ Tech Stack

Component	Technology	Base Image	Port
Frontend	Nginx	nginx:alpine	80
Catalogue	Node.js	node:20-alpine3.21	8080
User	Node.js	node:20-alpine3.21	8080
Cart	Node.js	node:20-alpine3.21	8080
Payment	Python	python:alpine	8080
Shipping	Java	maven:alpine	8080
MongoDB	Database	mongo	27017
MySQL	Database	mysql	3306
Redis	Cache	redis:alpine	6379
RabbitMQ	Messaging	rabbitmq	5672

🐳 Docker Best Practices Implemented

1. Multi-Stage Builds

# Stage 1 — Builder
FROM node:20-alpine3.21 AS builder
WORKDIR /opt/server
COPY package.json .
RUN npm install
COPY *.js .

# Stage 2 — Production
FROM node:20-alpine3.21
COPY --from=builder /opt/server /opt/server

Reduces final image size by ~60% — build tools and npm cache excluded from production image.

2. Non-Root User Security

RUN addgroup -S roboshop && \
    adduser -S roboshop -G roboshop
USER roboshop

All services run as dedicated non-root user — eliminates container escape risks.

3. Alpine Minimal Base Images

• node:20-alpine3.21 — ~180MB vs 900MB+ full image
• python:alpine — minimal Python runtime
• nginx:alpine — minimal web server

4. Layer Caching Optimization

COPY package.json .    # Copy dependencies first
RUN npm install        # Cache this layer
COPY *.js .            # Source code last

Dependencies cached unless package.json changes — speeds up subsequent builds significantly.

5. Environment Variable Configuration

ENV MONGO="true" \
    MONGO_URL="mongodb://mongodb:27017/catalogue"

All service configuration via environment variables — 12-factor app methodology.

📁 Project Structure

roboshop-docker/ ├── docker-compose.yaml # Multi-container orchestration ├── catalogue/ │ ├── Dockerfile # Multi-stage Node.js build │ ├── package.json # Dependencies │ └── server.js # Application code ├── cart/ │ ├── Dockerfile # Multi-stage Node.js build │ ├── package.json │ └── server.js ├── user/ │ ├── Dockerfile # Multi-stage Node.js build │ ├── package.json │ └── server.js ├── payment/ │ ├── Dockerfile # Python service │ ├── payment.py # Payment logic │ ├── payment.ini # Configuration │ └── rabbitmq.py # Message queue integration ├── shipping/ │ └── Dockerfile # Java Maven build ├── Mongodb/ │ ├── Dockerfile # MongoDB with seed data │ └── master-data.js # Initial data ├── mysql/ │ └── Dockerfile # MySQL with schema └── frontend/ └── Dockerfile # Nginx configuration

🚀 How to Run

Prerequisites

# Install Docker
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | sh

# Install Docker Compose
sudo apt install docker-compose-plugin

# Verify installation
docker --version
docker compose version

Quick Start

🔗 Service Dependencies

mongodb ←── catalogue mongodb ←── user ←── redis redis ←── cart ←── catalogue mysql ←── shipping ←── cart rabbitmq ←── payment ←── user, cart frontend ←── all services

🌐 Docker Network

All services communicate through custom bridge network named roboshop. Only frontend exposes port 80 externally — all other services are internal only for security.

💾 Persistent Volumes

Volume	Service	Data
mongodb	MongoDB	Product catalogue data
mysql	MySQL	User and order data
redis	Redis	Session cache
rabbitmq	RabbitMQ	Message queue data

# Clone repository
git clone https://github.com/NaveenKumar-dev5351/roboshop-docker.git
cd roboshop-docker

# Start all services
docker compose up -d

# Check all containers running
docker compose ps

# View logs
docker compose logs -f

# Access application
open http://localhost

Useful Commands

# Build specific service
docker compose build catalogue

# Restart specific service
docker compose restart payment

# View service logs
docker compose logs -f shipping

# Check resource usage
docker stats

# Stop all services
docker compose down

# Stop and remove volumes
docker compose down -v

🔍 Verify Services Running

# Check all containers
docker compose ps

# Expected output:
# catalogue    running   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp
# user         running   0.0.0.0:8081->8080/tcp
# cart         running   0.0.0.0:8082->8080/tcp
# payment      running   0.0.0.0:8083->8080/tcp
# shipping     running   0.0.0.0:8084->8080/tcp
# frontend     running   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
# mongodb      running   27017/tcp
# mysql        running   3306/tcp

🔧 Common Issues & Solutions

Issue	Cause	Solution
Port already in use	Another service using port	docker compose down then restart
Container not starting	Check logs	docker compose logs service-name
DB connection failed	DB not ready	Add depends_on with health check
Out of memory	Docker memory limit	Increase Docker memory to 4GB+
Image pull failed	Network issue	docker pull individually

📈 Image Size Comparison

Service	Single Stage	Multi-Stage	Reduction
Catalogue	~950MB	~180MB	~81%
User	~950MB	~180MB	~81%
Cart	~950MB	~180MB	~81%
Payment	~920MB	~50MB	~95%

🔗 Related Projects

• Roboshop AWS Infrastructure
• Roboshop Ansible
• Roboshop Shell

👨‍💻 Author

Naveen Kumar Lingampelly DevOps Engineer | LinkedIn | GitHub