diff --git a/tools/grammar/src/parser.rs b/tools/grammar/src/parser.rs
index aef8160df9..a5a91a5cf0 100644
--- a/tools/grammar/src/parser.rs
+++ b/tools/grammar/src/parser.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,24 @@ macro_rules! bail {
 
 type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
 
+/// Whether a character can start a grammar rule name.
+///
+/// This includes ASCII alphabetic characters, underscores, and
+/// non-ASCII Unicode symbols such as `⊥` (bottom) and `⊤` (top).
+/// ASCII symbols are excluded because characters such as `+`, `|`,
+/// `~`, and `^` are grammar syntax.
+fn is_name_start(ch: char) -> bool {
+    ch.is_alphabetic() || ch == '_' || !ch.is_ascii()
+}
+
+/// Whether a character can continue a grammar rule name.
+///
+/// Accepts alphanumeric characters, underscores, and non-ASCII
+/// characters.
+fn is_name_continue(ch: char) -> bool {
+    ch.is_alphanumeric() || ch == '_' || !ch.is_ascii()
+}
+
 pub fn parse_grammar(
     input: &str,
     grammar: &mut Grammar,
@@ -152,18 +170,11 @@ impl Parser<'_> {
     }
 
     fn parse_name(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
-        // Names must start with an alphabetic character or
-        // underscore.
         let first = self.input[self.index..].chars().next()?;
-        if !first.is_alphabetic() && first != '_' {
+        if !is_name_start(first) {
             return None;
         }
-        let name = self.take_while(&|c: char| c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '_');
-        if name.is_empty() {
-            None
-        } else {
-            Some(name.to_string())
-        }
+        Some(self.take_while(&|c| is_name_continue(c)).to_string())
     }
 
     fn parse_expression(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Expression>> {
@@ -231,7 +242,7 @@ impl Parser<'_> {
         } else if self.input[self.index..]
             .chars()
             .next()
-            .map(|ch| ch.is_alphanumeric())
+            .map(|ch| is_name_start(ch))
             .unwrap_or(false)
         {
             self.parse_nonterminal()
diff --git a/tools/mdbook-spec/src/grammar.rs b/tools/mdbook-spec/src/grammar.rs
index f0a4e3fe12..12ece5df7a 100644
--- a/tools/mdbook-spec/src/grammar.rs
+++ b/tools/mdbook-spec/src/grammar.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,13 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 mod render_markdown;
 mod render_railroad;
 
-static NAMES_RE: LazyLock<Regex> =
-    LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?m)^(?:@root )?([A-Za-z0-9_]+)(?: \([^)]+\))? ->").unwrap());
+static NAMES_RE: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    // For match rule names, we support standard ASCII identifiers
+    // or non-ASCII characters (such as `⊥`).  This must be
+    // kept in sync with `is_name_start` and `is_name_continue` in
+    // `tools/grammar/src/parser.rs`.
+    Regex::new(r"(?m)^(?:@root )?([A-Za-z0-9_]+|[^\x00-\x7F])(?: \([^)]+\))? ->").unwrap()
+});
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RenderCtx {