Skip to content

vim-learning.md

Latest commit

 

History

History
165 lines (146 loc) · 7.07 KB

vim-learning.md

File metadata and controls

165 lines (146 loc) · 7.07 KB

1. Basics

  • movement: hjkl -> left, down, up, right
  • Quit: :q add a ! to force quit
  • Write file: :w (optional file name)
    • when given a range/selection it writes only that part to a file
  • Open/Edit file: :e filename
  • Enter Insert mode: i; Exit insert mode: Esc

1.1 Advanced inserts

  • i: insert mode at current position. I: insert mode at first non-blank character of line
  • a: insert mode after current position. A: insert mode at the end of the line
  • o: insert mode on new line after current one. O: insert mode on new line before current one
  • R: replace mode
  • s: replace a character und go to insert mode. S: replace line and go to insert mode

2. Simple actions in Normal Mode

  • Delete line: dd; also copies it
  • Yank Line: yy
  • Paste: p
  • Undo: u
  • Redo: CTRL-R
  • Search for something: /pattern; Search same again: n; search upwards: N
  • x: remove character
  • r: replace character

3. Actions that take motions

  • The following actions require motions after the operator:^
    • Change: c
    • Delete: d
    • Yank: y
    • Filter through external program: !
    • Text formatting: gq
    • Text to lowercase/uppercase: gu/gU
    • Shift text left or right: <, >
    • Define a fold: zf

3.1 Motions

  • simple motions:
    • h or l: left or right
    • k or j: up or down
    • 0: to the first char of the line
    • ^: to the first non-blank char of the line
    • $: go to end of the line. if more than once, also move downward
    • %: move to matching parenthesis
    • f(char): to the n'th occurence of char to the right
    • F(char): like f, but to the left
    • t and T: like f/F but move only until the letter
    • ;/,: repeat latest f/F/t/T in normal/opposite direction
    • -: move upward, on the first non-blank character
    • +: move downward, on the first non-blank character
    • (count)G: go to line count, default last line
    • (count)gg: go to line count, default first line
    • (count)%: go to count percent in file
    • :[range]: go to last line in range
  • word motions:
    • w/W: 1 word/WORD forward
    • e/E: move to end of word/WORD
    • b/B: move word/WORD backward
    • ge/gE: move to the end of word/WORD backward
    • word: sequence of letters, digits and underscores or other non-blank characters separated with white space
    • WORD: sequence of non-blank characters, separated by white space
  • text object motions:
    • (/): count sentences backward/forward
    • {/}: count paragraphs backward/forward
    • ]]/][: count sections forward to the next {/} in the first column
    • []/[[: count sections backward to the previous {/} in the first column
    • sentence: ending at . ! or ? followed by end of line or space
    • paragraph: paragraph begins after each empty line
    • section: section begins after a form-feed or { in the first column (for c code)
  • text object selection
    • only in visual mode or after an operator
    • aw/aW: "a word/WORD", leading or trailing whitespace is included, but not counted
    • iw/iW: "inner word/WORD", leading or trailing whitespace is counted
    • as/is: "a/inner sentence"
    • ap/ip: "a/inner paragraph"
    • a[/i[ or a]/i]: "a/inner [] block", selects text in [], i excludes the brackets
    • a(/i( or a)/i) or ab/ib: "a/inner block", selects text in a () block, i excludes the brackets
    • a</i< or a>/i>: "a/inner <> block", i excludes the brackets
    • a{/i{ or a}/i} or aB/iB: "a/inner {} block", selects text in a {} block, i excludes the brackets
    • at/it: "a/inner tag block", XML/HTML tag blocks
    • a"/i" or a'/i' or a/i: "a/inner quoted string", selects text in quote, can recognize escaped quotes, see quoteescape option
  • TODO: see :omap
  • Motions can be replaced by highlighted text in visual mode (first highlight it, then use operator)
  • using a v, V or CTRL-V changes operation mode to character, line or block wise operation
    • e.g.: d CTRL-V 2j will delete 2 chars down and not two lines

4. Other commands

  • / and ?: Search forward or backward.
  • n and N: repeat last search forward or in reverse direction
  • CTRL-O and CTRL-I: jump to last positions, jump to next positions (e.g. when searching)
  • :{Range}s/find/replace/flags : replace text. normally replaces the first occurence on the current line
    • see :s for more information
    • flag g: replaces all occurences on the line
    • Range: % for whole file
  • :r : read in a file. Can be used with a shell command (:r !dir) to read in the output of the command

5. Options

  • Search can be influenced by some options:
    • hlsearch, hls: highligh all search results
    • incsearch, is: incremental search, start search while typing

6. Browsing Code

6.1 Tags

  • Based on tags an the such: requires at least ctags
    • call ctags with "--fields=+iaS --c++-kinds=+p" to include declarations, not only definitions
  • <C-]> (ü): jump to tag, same as :tag (ID)
  • Jump back (in the tag stack: usually to the last location)
  • :tag: jump one entry in the tag stack forward
  • :tags: show the tag stack
  • :ts (ID): tselect: searches for ID and shows all matching results
  • g]: like <C-]> but uses :ts
  • g <C-]>: jump directly if only one matching tag, present list otherwise
  • :tn: jump to next matching tag
  • :tp: jump to previous matching tag
  • Keyword search can also search in included files (see include-option)
    • [i display first line, that contains keyword under cursor, search from beginning of file
    • ]i display first line, that contains keyword under cursor, search from cursor position
    • [I like [i, but display all found lines
    • ]I like ]i, but display all found lines
    • CTRL-W i like [i but open search found in new window

6.2 Code folding

Folds are created automatically, when foldmethod is set to syntax or expr. Other options:

  • foldnestmax: how many layers of folds will be created. 20 max
  • foldstartlevel: how many folds are closed, when opening a file. -1: ignored, 0: all, 99: none

Commands to browse folds. All fold commands start with a z.

  • zc: close one fold under cursor
  • zC: close all folds under cursor
  • za: toggle fold under cursor
  • zv: open enough folds to make the cursor line not folded
  • zm: fold more: close one level of folds, if all are closed, nothing happens
  • zM: close all folds
  • zr: reduce folding, open one level of folds
  • zR: open all folds
  • zi: toggle all folds closed/all fold open

7. Tabs

Just what one would expect from tabs, independent window layouts on different tabs.

  • :tabnew: open new tab
  • :tabedit : open file in new tab
  • :tabclose: close current tab
  • :tabonly: close all tabs, except for the current one
  • :tabnext/gt: go to next tabpage
  • :tabprevious/gT: go to previous tabpage
  • todo: moving tabs, tabline/guitable setting

8. Refactoring code with vim

There are articles on the web: http://artemave.github.io/2013/02/14/refactoring-in-cmd-line-and-vim/ also this answer on stackoverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8781975/refactoring-in-vim vimcasts.org also has a ton of learning material

9. Completion

  • in insert mode, CTRL-N, which uses completers based on the complete option, CTRL-X as base stroke to choose a completer