From c500155a97a281bf6394cd1da9333fd1a8cf313c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 11:39:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] adding sqlite bench

---
 scripts/bench.py | 270 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 uv.lock          | 192 ++++++++++++++++-----------------
 2 files changed, 366 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 scripts/bench.py

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d67acc95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import argparse
+import time
+import sqlite3
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Tuple
+
+from sqlspec import SQLSpec
+from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text
+
+# ==========================
+# CLI
+# ==========================
+
+def parse_args():
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    p.add_argument("--rows", type=int, default=10_000)
+    p.add_argument("--reads", type=int, default=5_000)
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--drivers",
+        nargs="+",
+        default=["sqlite"],
+        help="Drivers to test (sqlite, duckdb, ...)",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--modes",
+        nargs="+",
+        default=["session", "write", "read"],
+        choices=["session", "write", "read"],
+    )
+    p.add_argument("--wal", action="store_true")
+    p.add_argument("--memory", action="store_true")
+    return p.parse_args()
+
+# ==========================
+# UTIL
+# ==========================
+
+def now():
+    return time.perf_counter()
+
+def run(label: str, fn: Callable[[], None]) -> float:
+    fn()  # warmup
+    t0 = now()
+    fn()
+    dt = now() - t0
+    print(f"{label:<30} {dt:.5f}s")
+    return dt
+
+def slowdown(base: float, other: float) -> float:
+    return other / base if base else float("inf")
+
+# ==========================
+# DRIVER REGISTRY
+# ==========================
+
+@dataclass
+class Driver:
+    name: str
+    raw_session: Callable[[str], Callable[[], None]]
+    raw_write: Callable[[str], Callable[[], None]]
+    raw_read: Callable[[str], Callable[[], None]]
+
+    sqlspec_config: Callable[[SQLSpec, str], object]
+    sqlalchemy_url: Callable[[str], str]
+
+# ==========================
+# SQLITE IMPLEMENTATION
+# ==========================
+
+def sqlite_connect(db, wal=False):
+    conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
+    if wal:
+        conn.execute("pragma journal_mode=wal")
+    return conn
+
+def sqlite_raw_session(db, wal):
+    return lambda: sqlite_connect(db, wal).close()
+
+def sqlite_populate(conn, rows):
+    cur = conn.cursor()
+    cur.execute("drop table if exists notes")
+    cur.execute("create table notes (id integer primary key, body text)")
+    cur.executemany(
+        "insert into notes (body) values (?)",
+        [(f"note {i}",) for i in range(rows)],
+    )
+    conn.commit()
+
+def sqlite_raw_write(db, rows, wal):
+    def fn():
+        conn = sqlite_connect(db, wal)
+        sqlite_populate(conn, rows)
+        conn.close()
+    return fn
+
+def sqlite_raw_read(db, rows, reads, wal):
+    def fn():
+        conn = sqlite_connect(db, wal)
+        sqlite_populate(conn, rows)
+        cur = conn.cursor()
+        for i in range(reads):
+            cur.execute(
+                "select body from notes where id = ?",
+                ((i % rows) + 1,),
+            )
+            cur.fetchone()
+        conn.close()
+    return fn
+
+def make_sqlite_driver(args):
+    from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
+
+    return Driver(
+        name="sqlite",
+        raw_session=lambda db: sqlite_raw_session(db, args.wal),
+        raw_write=lambda db: sqlite_raw_write(db, args.rows, args.wal),
+        raw_read=lambda db: sqlite_raw_read(db, args.rows, args.reads, args.wal),
+        sqlspec_config=lambda spec, db: spec.add_config(
+            SqliteConfig(connection_config={"database": db})
+        ),
+        sqlalchemy_url=lambda db: f"sqlite:///{db}",
+    )
+
+# ==========================
+# SQLSPEC BENCHES
+# ==========================
+
+def sqlspec_session(spec, cfg):
+    def fn():
+        with spec.provide_session(cfg):
+            pass
+    return fn
+
+def sqlspec_populate(spec, cfg, rows):
+    with spec.provide_session(cfg) as s:
+        s.execute("drop table if exists notes")
+        s.execute("create table notes (id integer primary key, body text)")
+        s.execute(
+            "insert into notes (body) values (?)",
+            [(f"note {i}",) for i in range(rows)],
+        )
+
+def sqlspec_write(spec, cfg, rows):
+    return lambda: sqlspec_populate(spec, cfg, rows)
+
+def sqlspec_read(spec, cfg, rows, reads):
+    def fn():
+        sqlspec_populate(spec, cfg, rows)
+        with spec.provide_session(cfg) as s:
+            for i in range(reads):
+                s.execute(
+                    "select body from notes where id = ?",
+                    ((i % rows) + 1,),
+                ).one()
+    return fn
+
+# ==========================
+# SQLALCHEMY BENCHES
+# ==========================
+
+def sa_session(url):
+    engine = create_engine(url, future=True)
+    return lambda: engine.connect().close()
+
+def sa_populate(conn, rows):
+    conn.execute(text("drop table if exists notes"))
+    conn.execute(text("create table notes (id integer primary key, body text)"))
+    conn.execute(
+        text("insert into notes (body) values (:body)"),
+        [{"body": f"note {i}"} for i in range(rows)],
+    )
+
+def sa_write(url, rows):
+    engine = create_engine(url, future=True)
+    def fn():
+        with engine.begin() as conn:
+            sa_populate(conn, rows)
+    return fn
+
+def sa_read(url, rows, reads):
+    engine = create_engine(url, future=True)
+    def fn():
+        with engine.begin() as conn:
+            sa_populate(conn, rows)
+            for i in range(reads):
+                conn.execute(
+                    text("select body from notes where id = :id"),
+                    {"id": (i % rows) + 1},
+                ).fetchone()
+    return fn
+
+# ==========================
+# RUNNER
+# ==========================
+
+def run_driver(driver: Driver, db: str, args):
+    print(f"\n--- DRIVER: {driver.name} ---")
+
+    spec = SQLSpec()
+    cfg = driver.sqlspec_config(spec, db)
+    sa_url = driver.sqlalchemy_url(db)
+
+    if "session" in args.modes:
+        print("\nSession / connection cost")
+        t0 = run("raw", driver.raw_session(db))
+        t1 = run("sqlspec", sqlspec_session(spec, cfg))
+        t2 = run("sqlalchemy", sa_session(sa_url))
+        print(
+            f"Slowdowns vs raw: "
+            f"sqlspec {slowdown(t0, t1):.2f}x, "
+            f"sqlalchemy {slowdown(t0, t2):.2f}x"
+        )
+
+    if "write" in args.modes:
+        print("\nWrite-heavy workload")
+        t0 = run("raw", driver.raw_write(db))
+        t1 = run("sqlspec", sqlspec_write(spec, cfg, args.rows))
+        t2 = run("sqlalchemy", sa_write(sa_url, args.rows))
+        print(
+            f"Slowdowns vs raw: "
+            f"sqlspec {slowdown(t0, t1):.2f}x, "
+            f"sqlalchemy {slowdown(t0, t2):.2f}x"
+        )
+
+    if "read" in args.modes:
+        print("\nRead-heavy workload")
+        t0 = run("raw", driver.raw_read(db))
+        t1 = run("sqlspec", sqlspec_read(spec, cfg, args.rows, args.reads))
+        t2 = run("sqlalchemy", sa_read(sa_url, args.rows, args.reads))
+        print(
+            f"Slowdowns vs raw: "
+            f"sqlspec {slowdown(t0, t1):.2f}x, "
+            f"sqlalchemy {slowdown(t0, t2):.2f}x"
+        )
+
+# ==========================
+# MAIN
+# ==========================
+
+def main():
+    args = parse_args()
+
+    print(
+        f"ROWS={args.rows:,}, READS={args.reads:,}, "
+        f"WAL={'on' if args.wal else 'off'}, "
+        f"DB={'memory' if args.memory else 'file'}"
+    )
+
+    drivers: Dict[str, Callable] = {
+        "sqlite": lambda: make_sqlite_driver(args),
+    }
+
+    selected = [d for d in args.drivers if d in drivers]
+
+    if args.memory:
+        db = ":memory:"
+        for name in selected:
+            run_driver(drivers[name](), db, args)
+    else:
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
+            db = str(Path(d) / "bench.db")
+            for name in selected:
+                run_driver(drivers[name](), db, args)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index 43bc5b82..bf209950 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ resolution-markers = [
 [options]
 
 [options.exclude-newer-package]
-mysql-connector-python = "2026-01-21T00:00:00Z"
+mysql-connector-python = "2026-01-20T23:00:00Z"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "adbc-driver-bigquery"
@@ -657,11 +657,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "babel"
-version = "2.17.0"
+version = "2.18.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7d/6b/d52e42361e1aa00709585ecc30b3f9684b3ab62530771402248b1b1d6240/babel-2.17.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0c54cffb19f690cdcc52a3b50bcbf71e07a808d1c80d549f2459b9d2cf0afb9d", size = 9951852, upload-time = "2025-02-01T15:17:41.026Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7d/b2/51899539b6ceeeb420d40ed3cd4b7a40519404f9baf3d4ac99dc413a834b/babel-2.18.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b80b99a14bd085fcacfa15c9165f651fbb3406e66cc603abf11c5750937c992d", size = 9959554, upload-time = "2026-02-01T12:30:56.078Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/f5/21d2de20e8b8b0408f0681956ca2c69f1320a3848ac50e6e7f39c6159675/babel-2.18.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e2b422b277c2b9a9630c1d7903c2a00d0830c409c59ac8cae9081c92f1aeba35", size = 10196845, upload-time = "2026-02-01T12:30:53.445Z" },
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 [[package]]
@@ -2706,7 +2706,7 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "comm" },
     { name = "debugpy" },
     { name = "ipython", version = "8.38.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
-    { name = "ipython", version = "9.9.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
+    { name = "ipython", version = "9.10.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "jupyter-client" },
     { name = "jupyter-core" },
     { name = "matplotlib-inline" },
@@ -2749,7 +2749,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ipython"
-version = "9.9.0"
+version = "9.10.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 resolution-markers = [
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@@ -2775,9 +2775,9 @@ dependencies = [
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     { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version == '3.11.*'" },
 ]
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+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/60/2111715ea11f39b1535bed6024b7dec7918b71e5e5d30855a5b503056b50/ipython-9.10.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:cd9e656be97618a0676d058134cd44e6dc7012c0e5cb36a9ce96a8c904adaf77", size = 4426526, upload-time = "2026-02-02T10:00:33.594Z" }
 wheels = [
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3d/aa/898dec789a05731cd5a9f50605b7b44a72bd198fd0d4528e11fc610177cc/ipython-9.10.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c6ab68cc23bba8c7e18e9b932797014cc61ea7fd6f19de180ab9ba73e65ee58d", size = 622774, upload-time = "2026-02-02T10:00:31.503Z" },
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 [[package]]
@@ -2799,7 +2799,7 @@ source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
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     { name = "comm" },
     { name = "ipython", version = "8.38.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
-    { name = "ipython", version = "9.9.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
+    { name = "ipython", version = "9.10.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "jupyterlab-widgets" },
     { name = "traitlets" },
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@@ -2914,7 +2914,7 @@ source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "ipykernel" },
     { name = "ipython", version = "8.38.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
-    { name = "ipython", version = "9.9.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
+    { name = "ipython", version = "9.10.0", source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }, marker = "python_full_version >= '3.11'" },
     { name = "ipywidgets" },
     { name = "nbconvert" },
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@@ -3962,7 +3962,7 @@ wheels = [
 
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@@ -3975,79 +3975,79 @@ resolution-markers = [
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 [[package]]
 name = "rich-click"
-version = "1.9.6"
+version = "1.9.7"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "click" },
@@ -5977,9 +5977,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "rich" },
     { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/50/1497dbc52297d6759451bf5a991e9b2d0a122a5d33ac8cd057f81cb9910a/rich_click-1.9.6.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:463bd3dbef54a812282bfa93dde80c471bce359823fc1301be368eab63391cb2", size = 74777, upload-time = "2026-01-22T02:43:58.374Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/04/27/091e140ea834272188e63f8dd6faac1f5c687582b687197b3e0ec3c78ebf/rich_click-1.9.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:022997c1e30731995bdbc8ec2f82819340d42543237f033a003c7b1f843fc5dc", size = 74838, upload-time = "2026-01-31T04:29:27.707Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/47/87/508930def644be9fb86fec63520151921061c152289b98798017a498d678/rich_click-1.9.6-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e78d71e3f73a55548e573ccfd964e18503936e2e736a4a1f74c6c29479a2a054", size = 71430, upload-time = "2026-01-22T02:43:56.939Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ca/e5/d708d262b600a352abe01c2ae360d8ff75b0af819b78e9af293191d928e6/rich_click-1.9.7-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2f99120fca78f536e07b114d3b60333bc4bb2a0969053b1250869bcdc1b5351b", size = 71491, upload-time = "2026-01-31T04:29:26.777Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -8009,11 +8009,11 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wcwidth"
-version = "0.5.2"
+version = "0.5.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/3e/3d456efe55d2d5e7938b5f9abd68333dd8dceb14e829f51f9a8deed2217e/wcwidth-0.5.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c022c39a02a0134d1e10810da36d1f984c79648181efcc70a389f4569695f5ae", size = 152817, upload-time = "2026-01-29T19:32:52.22Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/62/a7c072fbfefb2980a00f99ca994279cb9ecf310cb2e6b2a4d2a28fe192b3/wcwidth-0.5.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:53123b7af053c74e9fe2e92ac810301f6139e64379031f7124574212fb3b4091", size = 157587, upload-time = "2026-01-31T03:52:10.92Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/72/da5a6f511a8267f962a08637464a70409736ac72f9f75b069e0e96d69b64/wcwidth-0.5.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:46912178a64217749bf3426b21e36e849fbc46e05c949407b3e364d9f7ffcadf", size = 90088, upload-time = "2026-01-29T19:32:50.592Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/c1/d73f12f8cdb1891334a2ccf7389eed244d3941e74d80dd220badb937f3fb/wcwidth-0.5.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:d584eff31cd4753e1e5ff6c12e1edfdb324c995713f75d26c29807bb84bf649e", size = 92981, upload-time = "2026-01-31T03:52:09.14Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]

From ab8938b53382bd35b1fad658c8e83ac0de82abf0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 11:58:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] some typing and use execute_many

---
 scripts/bench.py | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index d67acc95..eec4b66c 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
-from sqlspec import SQLSpec
+from sqlspec import SQLSpec, SyncDatabaseConfig
 from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text
 
 # ==========================
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def sqlite_connect(db, wal=False):
 def sqlite_raw_session(db, wal):
     return lambda: sqlite_connect(db, wal).close()
 
-def sqlite_populate(conn, rows):
+def sqlite_populate(conn: sqlite3.Connection, rows):
     cur = conn.cursor()
     cur.execute("drop table if exists notes")
     cur.execute("create table notes (id integer primary key, body text)")
@@ -110,35 +110,22 @@ def fn():
         conn.close()
     return fn
 
-def make_sqlite_driver(args):
-    from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
-
-    return Driver(
-        name="sqlite",
-        raw_session=lambda db: sqlite_raw_session(db, args.wal),
-        raw_write=lambda db: sqlite_raw_write(db, args.rows, args.wal),
-        raw_read=lambda db: sqlite_raw_read(db, args.rows, args.reads, args.wal),
-        sqlspec_config=lambda spec, db: spec.add_config(
-            SqliteConfig(connection_config={"database": db})
-        ),
-        sqlalchemy_url=lambda db: f"sqlite:///{db}",
-    )
 
 # ==========================
 # SQLSPEC BENCHES
 # ==========================
 
-def sqlspec_session(spec, cfg):
+def sqlspec_session(spec: SQLSpec, cfg: SyncDatabaseConfig[Any, Any, Any]):
     def fn():
         with spec.provide_session(cfg):
             pass
     return fn
 
-def sqlspec_populate(spec, cfg, rows):
+def sqlspec_populate(spec: SQLSpec, cfg: SyncDatabaseConfig[Any,Any,Any], rows):
     with spec.provide_session(cfg) as s:
         s.execute("drop table if exists notes")
         s.execute("create table notes (id integer primary key, body text)")
-        s.execute(
+        s.execute_many(
             "insert into notes (body) values (?)",
             [(f"note {i}",) for i in range(rows)],
         )
@@ -236,6 +223,24 @@ def run_driver(driver: Driver, db: str, args):
             f"sqlalchemy {slowdown(t0, t2):.2f}x"
         )
 
+# ==========================
+# SQLITE DRIVER FACTORY
+# ==========================
+def make_sqlite_driver(args):
+    from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
+
+    return Driver(
+        name="sqlite",
+        raw_session=lambda db: sqlite_raw_session(db, args.wal),
+        raw_write=lambda db: sqlite_raw_write(db, args.rows, args.wal),
+        raw_read=lambda db: sqlite_raw_read(db, args.rows, args.reads, args.wal),
+        sqlspec_config=lambda spec, db: spec.add_config(
+            SqliteConfig(connection_config={"database": db})
+        ),
+        sqlalchemy_url=lambda db: f"sqlite:///{db}",
+    )
+
+
 # ==========================
 # MAIN
 # ==========================
@@ -249,7 +254,7 @@ def main():
         f"DB={'memory' if args.memory else 'file'}"
     )
 
-    drivers: Dict[str, Callable] = {
+    drivers: dict[str, Callable[Any, Any]] = {
         "sqlite": lambda: make_sqlite_driver(args),
     }
 

From 2065e408c30d836ae97da2e732c8a2f3e8f5bc05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 12:54:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] placeholder bench

---
 scripts/bench.py | 337 +++++++++++------------------------------------
 sqlspec/cli.py   |   2 +
 2 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 261 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index eec4b66c..ccf29d31 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -1,275 +1,90 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-import argparse
-import time
-import sqlite3
-import tempfile
-from pathlib import Path
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Callable
-
-from sqlspec import SQLSpec, SyncDatabaseConfig
-from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text
-
-# ==========================
-# CLI
-# ==========================
-
-def parse_args():
-    p = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-    p.add_argument("--rows", type=int, default=10_000)
-    p.add_argument("--reads", type=int, default=5_000)
-    p.add_argument(
-        "--drivers",
-        nargs="+",
-        default=["sqlite"],
-        help="Drivers to test (sqlite, duckdb, ...)",
-    )
-    p.add_argument(
-        "--modes",
-        nargs="+",
-        default=["session", "write", "read"],
-        choices=["session", "write", "read"],
-    )
-    p.add_argument("--wal", action="store_true")
-    p.add_argument("--memory", action="store_true")
-    return p.parse_args()
-
-# ==========================
-# UTIL
-# ==========================
-
-def now():
-    return time.perf_counter()
-
-def run(label: str, fn: Callable[[], None]) -> float:
-    fn()  # warmup
-    t0 = now()
-    fn()
-    dt = now() - t0
-    print(f"{label:<30} {dt:.5f}s")
-    return dt
-
-def slowdown(base: float, other: float) -> float:
-    return other / base if base else float("inf")
-
-# ==========================
-# DRIVER REGISTRY
-# ==========================
-
-@dataclass
-class Driver:
-    name: str
-    raw_session: Callable[[str], Callable[[], None]]
-    raw_write: Callable[[str], Callable[[], None]]
-    raw_read: Callable[[str], Callable[[], None]]
-
-    sqlspec_config: Callable[[SQLSpec, str], object]
-    sqlalchemy_url: Callable[[str], str]
+#!/usr/bin/env python
 
-# ==========================
-# SQLITE IMPLEMENTATION
-# ==========================
-
-def sqlite_connect(db, wal=False):
-    conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
-    if wal:
-        conn.execute("pragma journal_mode=wal")
-    return conn
-
-def sqlite_raw_session(db, wal):
-    return lambda: sqlite_connect(db, wal).close()
-
-def sqlite_populate(conn: sqlite3.Connection, rows):
-    cur = conn.cursor()
-    cur.execute("drop table if exists notes")
-    cur.execute("create table notes (id integer primary key, body text)")
-    cur.executemany(
-        "insert into notes (body) values (?)",
-        [(f"note {i}",) for i in range(rows)],
-    )
-    conn.commit()
-
-def sqlite_raw_write(db, rows, wal):
-    def fn():
-        conn = sqlite_connect(db, wal)
-        sqlite_populate(conn, rows)
-        conn.close()
-    return fn
-
-def sqlite_raw_read(db, rows, reads, wal):
-    def fn():
-        conn = sqlite_connect(db, wal)
-        sqlite_populate(conn, rows)
-        cur = conn.cursor()
-        for i in range(reads):
-            cur.execute(
-                "select body from notes where id = ?",
-                ((i % rows) + 1,),
-            )
-            cur.fetchone()
-        conn.close()
-    return fn
-
-
-# ==========================
-# SQLSPEC BENCHES
-# ==========================
-
-def sqlspec_session(spec: SQLSpec, cfg: SyncDatabaseConfig[Any, Any, Any]):
-    def fn():
-        with spec.provide_session(cfg):
-            pass
-    return fn
-
-def sqlspec_populate(spec: SQLSpec, cfg: SyncDatabaseConfig[Any,Any,Any], rows):
-    with spec.provide_session(cfg) as s:
-        s.execute("drop table if exists notes")
-        s.execute("create table notes (id integer primary key, body text)")
-        s.execute_many(
-            "insert into notes (body) values (?)",
-            [(f"note {i}",) for i in range(rows)],
-        )
 
-def sqlspec_write(spec, cfg, rows):
-    return lambda: sqlspec_populate(spec, cfg, rows)
-
-def sqlspec_read(spec, cfg, rows, reads):
-    def fn():
-        sqlspec_populate(spec, cfg, rows)
-        with spec.provide_session(cfg) as s:
-            for i in range(reads):
-                s.execute(
-                    "select body from notes where id = ?",
-                    ((i % rows) + 1,),
-                ).one()
-    return fn
-
-# ==========================
-# SQLALCHEMY BENCHES
-# ==========================
-
-def sa_session(url):
-    engine = create_engine(url, future=True)
-    return lambda: engine.connect().close()
-
-def sa_populate(conn, rows):
-    conn.execute(text("drop table if exists notes"))
-    conn.execute(text("create table notes (id integer primary key, body text)"))
-    conn.execute(
-        text("insert into notes (body) values (:body)"),
-        [{"body": f"note {i}"} for i in range(rows)],
-    )
-
-def sa_write(url, rows):
-    engine = create_engine(url, future=True)
-    def fn():
-        with engine.begin() as conn:
-            sa_populate(conn, rows)
-    return fn
-
-def sa_read(url, rows, reads):
-    engine = create_engine(url, future=True)
-    def fn():
-        with engine.begin() as conn:
-            sa_populate(conn, rows)
-            for i in range(reads):
-                conn.execute(
-                    text("select body from notes where id = :id"),
-                    {"id": (i % rows) + 1},
-                ).fetchone()
-    return fn
-
-# ==========================
-# RUNNER
-# ==========================
-
-def run_driver(driver: Driver, db: str, args):
-    print(f"\n--- DRIVER: {driver.name} ---")
-
-    spec = SQLSpec()
-    cfg = driver.sqlspec_config(spec, db)
-    sa_url = driver.sqlalchemy_url(db)
-
-    if "session" in args.modes:
-        print("\nSession / connection cost")
-        t0 = run("raw", driver.raw_session(db))
-        t1 = run("sqlspec", sqlspec_session(spec, cfg))
-        t2 = run("sqlalchemy", sa_session(sa_url))
-        print(
-            f"Slowdowns vs raw: "
-            f"sqlspec {slowdown(t0, t1):.2f}x, "
-            f"sqlalchemy {slowdown(t0, t2):.2f}x"
-        )
-
-    if "write" in args.modes:
-        print("\nWrite-heavy workload")
-        t0 = run("raw", driver.raw_write(db))
-        t1 = run("sqlspec", sqlspec_write(spec, cfg, args.rows))
-        t2 = run("sqlalchemy", sa_write(sa_url, args.rows))
-        print(
-            f"Slowdowns vs raw: "
-            f"sqlspec {slowdown(t0, t1):.2f}x, "
-            f"sqlalchemy {slowdown(t0, t2):.2f}x"
-        )
-
-    if "read" in args.modes:
-        print("\nRead-heavy workload")
-        t0 = run("raw", driver.raw_read(db))
-        t1 = run("sqlspec", sqlspec_read(spec, cfg, args.rows, args.reads))
-        t2 = run("sqlalchemy", sa_read(sa_url, args.rows, args.reads))
-        print(
-            f"Slowdowns vs raw: "
-            f"sqlspec {slowdown(t0, t1):.2f}x, "
-            f"sqlalchemy {slowdown(t0, t2):.2f}x"
+import time
+import click
+
+@click.command()
+@click.option(
+    "--driver",
+    multiple=True,
+    default=["sqlite"],
+    show_default=True,
+    help="List of driver names to benchmark (default: sqlite)",
+)
+def main(driver: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+    """Run benchmarks for the specified drivers."""
+    results = []
+    for drv in driver:
+        click.echo(f"Running benchmark for driver: {drv}")
+        results.extend(run_benchmark(drv))
+    if results:
+        print_benchmark_table(results)
+    else:
+        click.echo("No benchmark results to display.")
+    click.echo(f"Benchmarks complete for drivers: {', '.join(driver)}")
+
+
+
+def run_benchmark(driver: str):
+    """Benchmark three scenarios for a given driver and multiple libraries."""
+    libraries = [
+        ("raw", raw_driver_scenario),
+        ("sqlspec", sqlspec_scenario),
+        ("sqlalchemy", sqlalchemy_scenario),
+    ]
+    scenarios = [
+        ("initialization", "initialization"),
+        ("write_heavy", "write_heavy"),
+        ("read_heavy", "read_heavy"),
+    ]
+    results = []
+    for scenario_name, scenario_func_name in scenarios:
+        for lib_name, lib_func in libraries:
+            start = time.perf_counter()
+            lib_func(driver, scenario_func_name)
+            elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start
+            results.append({
+                "driver": driver,
+                "library": lib_name,
+                "scenario": scenario_name,
+                "time": elapsed,
+            })
+    return results
+
+def print_benchmark_table(results):
+    from rich.console import Console
+    from rich.table import Table
+    console = Console()
+    table = Table(title="Benchmark Results")
+    table.add_column("Driver", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
+    table.add_column("Library", style="magenta")
+    table.add_column("Scenario", style="green")
+    table.add_column("Time (s)", justify="right", style="yellow")
+
+    for row in results:
+        table.add_row(
+            row["driver"],
+            row["library"],
+            row["scenario"],
+            f"{row['time']:.4f}"
         )
+    console.print(table)
 
-# ==========================
-# SQLITE DRIVER FACTORY
-# ==========================
-def make_sqlite_driver(args):
-    from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
-
-    return Driver(
-        name="sqlite",
-        raw_session=lambda db: sqlite_raw_session(db, args.wal),
-        raw_write=lambda db: sqlite_raw_write(db, args.rows, args.wal),
-        raw_read=lambda db: sqlite_raw_read(db, args.rows, args.reads, args.wal),
-        sqlspec_config=lambda spec, db: spec.add_config(
-            SqliteConfig(connection_config={"database": db})
-        ),
-        sqlalchemy_url=lambda db: f"sqlite:///{db}",
-    )
+def raw_driver_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
+    time.sleep(0.05)  # Placeholder
 
+def sqlspec_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
+    time.sleep(0.07)  # Placeholder
 
-# ==========================
-# MAIN
-# ==========================
+def sqlalchemy_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
+    time.sleep(0.09)  # Placeholder
 
-def main():
-    args = parse_args()
 
-    print(
-        f"ROWS={args.rows:,}, READS={args.reads:,}, "
-        f"WAL={'on' if args.wal else 'off'}, "
-        f"DB={'memory' if args.memory else 'file'}"
-    )
 
-    drivers: dict[str, Callable[Any, Any]] = {
-        "sqlite": lambda: make_sqlite_driver(args),
-    }
 
-    selected = [d for d in args.drivers if d in drivers]
-
-    if args.memory:
-        db = ":memory:"
-        for name in selected:
-            run_driver(drivers[name](), db, args)
-    else:
-        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
-            db = str(Path(d) / "bench.db")
-            for name in selected:
-                run_driver(drivers[name](), db, args)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
 
+
diff --git a/sqlspec/cli.py b/sqlspec/cli.py
index 2940d70f..77f79485 100644
--- a/sqlspec/cli.py
+++ b/sqlspec/cli.py
@@ -1092,4 +1092,6 @@ def verify_memory(bind_key: str | None) -> None:  # pyright: ignore[reportUnused
             except Exception as exc:
                 console.print(f"[red]✗[/] {config_name}: {exc}")
 
+
     return database_group
+

From 2fd30dcba4ca0ec2eb56e168ad9774df68505ab4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 13:10:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] init

---
 scripts/bench.py | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index ccf29d31..11761817 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
+from sqlalchemy import text
+from sqlspec import SQLSpec
+from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
 
 
+import sqlite3
+import tempfile
 import time
 import click
 
@@ -61,27 +66,70 @@ def print_benchmark_table(results):
     table.add_column("Library", style="magenta")
     table.add_column("Scenario", style="green")
     table.add_column("Time (s)", justify="right", style="yellow")
+    table.add_column("% Slower vs Raw", justify="right", style="red")
 
+    # Build a lookup for raw times: {(driver, scenario): time}
+    raw_times = {}
     for row in results:
+        if row["library"] == "raw":
+            raw_times[(row["driver"], row["scenario"])] = row["time"]
+
+    for row in results:
+        driver = row["driver"]
+        scenario = row["scenario"]
+        lib = row["library"]
+        t = row["time"]
+        if lib == "raw":
+            percent_slower = "—"
+        else:
+            raw_time = raw_times.get((driver, scenario))
+            if raw_time and raw_time > 0:
+                percent_slower = f"{100 * (t - raw_time) / raw_time:.1f}%"
+            else:
+                percent_slower = "n/a"
         table.add_row(
-            row["driver"],
-            row["library"],
-            row["scenario"],
-            f"{row['time']:.4f}"
+            driver,
+            lib,
+            scenario,
+            f"{t:.4f}",
+            percent_slower
         )
     console.print(table)
 
+
+
 def raw_driver_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
-    time.sleep(0.05)  # Placeholder
+    if driver == "sqlite" and scenario == "initialization":
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+            conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
+            # create a table to simulate some initialization work
+            conn.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
+            conn.close()
+    else:
+        time.sleep(0.01)  # Placeholder for other drivers/scenarios
 
 def sqlspec_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
-    time.sleep(0.07)  # Placeholder
+    if driver == "sqlite" and scenario == "initialization":
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+            spec = SQLSpec()
+            config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
+            with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
+                # create a table to simulate some initialization work
+                session.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
+    else:
+        time.sleep(0.01)  # Placeholder
 
 def sqlalchemy_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
-    time.sleep(0.09)  # Placeholder
-
-
-
+    if driver == "sqlite" and scenario == "initialization":
+        from sqlalchemy import create_engine
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+            engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
+            conn = engine.connect()
+            # create a table to simulate some initialization work
+            conn.execute(text("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);"))
+            conn.close()
+    else:
+        time.sleep(0.01)  # Placeholder
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

From 56d554159f47b0ba2082ca328554e92c6704b8f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 13:22:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] refactor before implementation

---
 scripts/bench.py | 146 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 93 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index 11761817..dd2c53fd 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
-from sqlalchemy import text
+import asyncio
+from asyncpg import connect
+import inspect
+import os
+from typing import Any
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.table import Table
+from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text
 from sqlspec import SQLSpec
 from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
 
@@ -20,46 +27,114 @@
 def main(driver: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
     """Run benchmarks for the specified drivers."""
     results = []
+    errors = []
     for drv in driver:
         click.echo(f"Running benchmark for driver: {drv}")
-        results.extend(run_benchmark(drv))
+        results.extend(run_benchmark(drv, errors))
     if results:
         print_benchmark_table(results)
     else:
         click.echo("No benchmark results to display.")
+    if errors:
+        for err in errors:
+            click.secho(f"Error: {err}", fg="red")
     click.echo(f"Benchmarks complete for drivers: {', '.join(driver)}")
 
 
 
-def run_benchmark(driver: str):
-    """Benchmark three scenarios for a given driver and multiple libraries."""
+
+
+def run_benchmark(driver: str, errors: list[str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    # List of (library, driver) pairs
     libraries = [
-        ("raw", raw_driver_scenario),
-        ("sqlspec", sqlspec_scenario),
-        ("sqlalchemy", sqlalchemy_scenario),
+        ("raw", driver),
+        ("sqlspec", driver),
+        ("sqlalchemy", driver),
     ]
     scenarios = [
-        ("initialization", "initialization"),
-        ("write_heavy", "write_heavy"),
-        ("read_heavy", "read_heavy"),
+        "initialization",
+        "write_heavy",
+        "read_heavy",
     ]
     results = []
-    for scenario_name, scenario_func_name in scenarios:
-        for lib_name, lib_func in libraries:
+    for scenario in scenarios:
+        for lib, drv in libraries:
+            func = SCENARIO_REGISTRY.get((lib, drv, scenario))
+            if func is None:
+                errors.append(f"No implementation for library={lib}, driver={drv}, scenario={scenario}")
+                continue
             start = time.perf_counter()
-            lib_func(driver, scenario_func_name)
+            if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func):
+                asyncio.run(func())
+            else:
+                func()
             elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start
             results.append({
-                "driver": driver,
-                "library": lib_name,
-                "scenario": scenario_name,
+                "driver": drv,
+                "library": lib,
+                "scenario": scenario,
                 "time": elapsed,
             })
     return results
 
+
+# --- Scenario helpers and registry ---
+
+
+def do_initialization_raw_sqlite():
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
+        conn.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
+        conn.close()
+
+def do_initialization_sqlspec_sqlite():
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        spec = SQLSpec()
+        config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
+        with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
+            session.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
+
+def do_initialization_sqlalchemy_sqlite():
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
+        conn = engine.connect()
+        conn.execute(text("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);"))
+        conn.close()
+
+async def do_initialization_asyncpg():
+    dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
+    conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
+    await conn.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (id serial PRIMARY KEY, value text);")
+    await conn.close()
+
+
+def do_write_heavy_placeholder():
+    time.sleep(0.01)
+
+def do_read_heavy_placeholder():
+    time.sleep(0.01)
+
+SCENARIO_REGISTRY = {
+    ("raw", "sqlite", "initialization"): do_initialization_raw_sqlite,
+    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "initialization"): do_initialization_sqlspec_sqlite,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "initialization"): do_initialization_sqlalchemy_sqlite,
+    ("asyncpg", "postgres", "initialization"): do_initialization_asyncpg,
+    # Add more as needed...
+    ("raw", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): do_write_heavy_placeholder,
+    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): do_write_heavy_placeholder,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): do_write_heavy_placeholder,
+    ("asyncpg", "postgres", "write_heavy"): do_write_heavy_placeholder,
+    ("raw", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
+    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
+    ("asyncpg", "postgres", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
+}
+
+def fallback_scenario():
+    time.sleep(0.01)
+
+
 def print_benchmark_table(results):
-    from rich.console import Console
-    from rich.table import Table
     console = Console()
     table = Table(title="Benchmark Results")
     table.add_column("Driver", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
@@ -97,41 +172,6 @@ def print_benchmark_table(results):
     console.print(table)
 
 
-
-def raw_driver_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
-    if driver == "sqlite" and scenario == "initialization":
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
-            conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
-            # create a table to simulate some initialization work
-            conn.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
-            conn.close()
-    else:
-        time.sleep(0.01)  # Placeholder for other drivers/scenarios
-
-def sqlspec_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
-    if driver == "sqlite" and scenario == "initialization":
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
-            spec = SQLSpec()
-            config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
-            with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
-                # create a table to simulate some initialization work
-                session.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
-    else:
-        time.sleep(0.01)  # Placeholder
-
-def sqlalchemy_scenario(driver: str, scenario: str):
-    if driver == "sqlite" and scenario == "initialization":
-        from sqlalchemy import create_engine
-        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
-            engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
-            conn = engine.connect()
-            # create a table to simulate some initialization work
-            conn.execute(text("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);"))
-            conn.close()
-    else:
-        time.sleep(0.01)  # Placeholder
-
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
 

From dd2f765ace838449633af16586955aacf641872f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 13:23:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] unneeded

---
 scripts/bench.py | 3 ---
 1 file changed, 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index dd2c53fd..c47c661a 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -130,9 +130,6 @@ def do_read_heavy_placeholder():
     ("asyncpg", "postgres", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
 }
 
-def fallback_scenario():
-    time.sleep(0.01)
-
 
 def print_benchmark_table(results):
     console = Console()

From 5a21ec76db49bad3720bf124d155076a2c85dbee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 13:40:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] better structure and naming

---
 scripts/bench.py | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index c47c661a..a762ece5 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -79,58 +79,72 @@ def run_benchmark(driver: str, errors: list[str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
 
 
 # --- Scenario helpers and registry ---
-
-
-def do_initialization_raw_sqlite():
+def raw_sqlite_initialization():
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
         conn.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
         conn.close()
 
-def do_initialization_sqlspec_sqlite():
+def raw_sqlite_write_heavy():
+    ...
+
+def raw_sqlite_read_heavy():
+    ...
+
+def sqlspec_sqlite_initialization():
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         spec = SQLSpec()
         config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
         with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
             session.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
 
-def do_initialization_sqlalchemy_sqlite():
+def sqlspec_sqlite_write_heavy():
+    ...
+
+def sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy():
+    ...
+
+def sqlalchemy_sqlite_initialization():
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
         conn = engine.connect()
         conn.execute(text("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);"))
         conn.close()
 
-async def do_initialization_asyncpg():
+def sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy():
+    ...
+
+def sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy():
+    ...
+
+async def raw_asyncpg_initialization():
     dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
     await conn.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (id serial PRIMARY KEY, value text);")
     await conn.close()
 
 
-def do_write_heavy_placeholder():
-    time.sleep(0.01)
+async def raw_asyncpg_write_heavy():
+    ...
 
-def do_read_heavy_placeholder():
-    time.sleep(0.01)
+async def raw_asyncpg_read_heavy():
+    ...
 
 SCENARIO_REGISTRY = {
-    ("raw", "sqlite", "initialization"): do_initialization_raw_sqlite,
-    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "initialization"): do_initialization_sqlspec_sqlite,
-    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "initialization"): do_initialization_sqlalchemy_sqlite,
-    ("asyncpg", "postgres", "initialization"): do_initialization_asyncpg,
-    # Add more as needed...
-    ("raw", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): do_write_heavy_placeholder,
-    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): do_write_heavy_placeholder,
-    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): do_write_heavy_placeholder,
-    ("asyncpg", "postgres", "write_heavy"): do_write_heavy_placeholder,
-    ("raw", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
-    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
-    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
-    ("asyncpg", "postgres", "read_heavy"): do_read_heavy_placeholder,
+    ("raw", "sqlite", "initialization"): raw_sqlite_initialization,
+    ("raw", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): raw_sqlite_write_heavy,
+    ("raw", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): raw_sqlite_read_heavy,
+    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "initialization"): sqlspec_sqlite_initialization,
+    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): sqlspec_sqlite_write_heavy,
+    ("sqlspec", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "initialization"): sqlalchemy_sqlite_initialization,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy,
+    ("raw", "asyncpg", "initialization"): raw_asyncpg_initialization,
+    ("raw", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_write_heavy,
+    ("raw", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_read_heavy,
 }
 
-
 def print_benchmark_table(results):
     console = Console()
     table = Table(title="Benchmark Results")

From 5e22c5d3a274bf5458d2d8ef33c5ecd2ee3e0e41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 16:17:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] refactor sqlite bench

---
 scripts/bench.py | 142 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 125 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index a762ece5..5f256051 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
 from rich.console import Console
 from rich.table import Table
 from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text
-from sqlspec import SQLSpec
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
+from  sqlspec import SQLSpec
 from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
+from sqlspec.adapters.asyncpg import AsyncpgConfig
 
 
 import sqlite3
@@ -79,58 +81,157 @@ def run_benchmark(driver: str, errors: list[str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
 
 
 # --- Scenario helpers and registry ---
+# SQLite implementations
+# ------------------------------
+
+CREATE_TEST_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);"
+INSERT_TEST_VALUE = "INSERT INTO test (value) VALUES (?);"
+INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA = "INSERT INTO test (value) VALUES (:value);"
+
 def raw_sqlite_initialization():
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
-        conn.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
+        conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
         conn.close()
 
 def raw_sqlite_write_heavy():
-    ...
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
+        conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
+        for i in range(10000):
+            conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, (f"value_{i}",))
+        conn.commit()
+        conn.close()
 
 def raw_sqlite_read_heavy():
-    ...
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
+        conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
+        for i in range(10000):
+            conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, (f"value_{i}",))
+        conn.commit()
+        cursor = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM test;")
+        rows = cursor.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) == 10000
+        conn.close()
 
 def sqlspec_sqlite_initialization():
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         spec = SQLSpec()
         config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
         with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
-            session.execute("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);")
+            session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
 
 def sqlspec_sqlite_write_heavy():
-    ...
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        spec = SQLSpec()
+        config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
+        with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
+            session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
+            for i in range(10000):
+                session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
 
 def sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy():
-    ...
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        spec = SQLSpec()
+        config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
+        with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
+            session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
+            for i in range(10000):
+                session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
+            rows = session.fetch("SELECT * FROM test;")
+            assert len(rows) == 10000
 
 def sqlalchemy_sqlite_initialization():
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
         conn = engine.connect()
-        conn.execute(text("CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);"))
+        conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
         conn.close()
 
 def sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy():
-    ...
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
+        conn = engine.connect()
+        conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
+        for i in range(10000):
+            conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
+        conn.close()
 
 def sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy():
-    ...
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
+        engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
+        conn = engine.connect()
+        conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
+        for i in range(10000):
+            conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
+        result = conn.execute(text("SELECT * FROM test;"))
+        rows = result.fetchall()
+        assert len(rows) == 10000
+        conn.close()
 
+# Asyncpg implementations
 async def raw_asyncpg_initialization():
     dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
-    await conn.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (id serial PRIMARY KEY, value text);")
+    await conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
+    # truncate table to ensure clean state
     await conn.close()
 
-
 async def raw_asyncpg_write_heavy():
-    ...
+    dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
+    conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
+    for i in range(10000):
+        await conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
+    await conn.close()
 
 async def raw_asyncpg_read_heavy():
-    ...
+    dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
+    conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
+    rows = await conn.fetch("SELECT * FROM test;")
+    assert len(rows) == 20000
+    await conn.close()
+
+async def sqlspec_asyncpg_initialization():
+    sqlec = SQLSpec()
+    config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
+    async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
+        await session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
+async def sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy():
+    sqlec = SQLSpec()
+    config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
+    async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
+        for i in range(10000):
+            await session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
+
+async def sqlspec_asyncpg_read_heavy():
+    sqlec = SQLSpec()
+    config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
+    async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
+        rows = await session.fetch("SELECT * FROM test;")
+        print(len(rows))
+        assert len(rows) == 0
+
+async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_initialization():
+    engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
+    async with engine.connect() as conn:
+        await conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
+async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_write_heavy():
+    engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
+    async with engine.connect() as conn:
+        for i in range(10000):
+            await conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
+
+async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy():
+    engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        result = await conn.execute(text("SELECT * FROM test;"))
+        rows = result.fetchall()
+        print(len(rows))
+        assert len(rows) == 0
 
 SCENARIO_REGISTRY = {
+        # SQLite scenarios
     ("raw", "sqlite", "initialization"): raw_sqlite_initialization,
     ("raw", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): raw_sqlite_write_heavy,
     ("raw", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): raw_sqlite_read_heavy,
@@ -140,9 +241,16 @@ async def raw_asyncpg_read_heavy():
     ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "initialization"): sqlalchemy_sqlite_initialization,
     ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy,
     ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy,
-    ("raw", "asyncpg", "initialization"): raw_asyncpg_initialization,
-    ("raw", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_write_heavy,
-    ("raw", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_read_heavy,
+    # Asyncpg scenarios
+    # ("raw", "asyncpg", "initialization"): raw_asyncpg_initialization,
+    # ("raw", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_write_heavy,
+    # ("raw", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_read_heavy,
+    # ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "initialization"): sqlspec_asyncpg_initialization,
+    # ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy,
+    # ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): sqlspec_asyncpg_read_heavy,
+    # ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "initialization"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_initialization,
+    # ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_write_heavy,
+    # ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy,
 }
 
 def print_benchmark_table(results):

From cd7d0a538a937583e04efcac32ff92241051e2ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 16:21:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] some ruff

---
 scripts/bench.py | 66 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index 5f256051..8f03184c 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
 import asyncio
-from asyncpg import connect
 import inspect
 import os
+import sqlite3
+import tempfile
+import time
 from typing import Any
+
+import click
+from asyncpg import connect
 from rich.console import Console
 from rich.table import Table
 from sqlalchemy import create_engine, text
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine
-from  sqlspec import SQLSpec
-from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
+
+from sqlspec import SQLSpec
 from sqlspec.adapters.asyncpg import AsyncpgConfig
+from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
 
 
-import sqlite3
-import tempfile
-import time
-import click
-
 @click.command()
 @click.option(
     "--driver",
@@ -43,9 +43,6 @@ def main(driver: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
     click.echo(f"Benchmarks complete for drivers: {', '.join(driver)}")
 
 
-
-
-
 def run_benchmark(driver: str, errors: list[str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
     # List of (library, driver) pairs
     libraries = [
@@ -88,13 +85,13 @@ def run_benchmark(driver: str, errors: list[str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
 INSERT_TEST_VALUE = "INSERT INTO test (value) VALUES (?);"
 INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA = "INSERT INTO test (value) VALUES (:value);"
 
-def raw_sqlite_initialization():
+def raw_sqlite_initialization()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
         conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
         conn.close()
 
-def raw_sqlite_write_heavy():
+def raw_sqlite_write_heavy()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
         conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ def raw_sqlite_write_heavy():
         conn.commit()
         conn.close()
 
-def raw_sqlite_read_heavy():
+def raw_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
         conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
@@ -115,14 +112,14 @@ def raw_sqlite_read_heavy():
         assert len(rows) == 10000
         conn.close()
 
-def sqlspec_sqlite_initialization():
+def sqlspec_sqlite_initialization()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         spec = SQLSpec()
         config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
         with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
             session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
 
-def sqlspec_sqlite_write_heavy():
+def sqlspec_sqlite_write_heavy()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         spec = SQLSpec()
         config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
@@ -131,7 +128,7 @@ def sqlspec_sqlite_write_heavy():
             for i in range(10000):
                 session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
 
-def sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy():
+def sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         spec = SQLSpec()
         config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
@@ -142,14 +139,14 @@ def sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy():
             rows = session.fetch("SELECT * FROM test;")
             assert len(rows) == 10000
 
-def sqlalchemy_sqlite_initialization():
+def sqlalchemy_sqlite_initialization()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
         conn = engine.connect()
         conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
         conn.close()
 
-def sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy():
+def sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
         conn = engine.connect()
@@ -158,7 +155,7 @@ def sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy():
             conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
         conn.close()
 
-def sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy():
+def sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
         conn = engine.connect()
@@ -171,14 +168,14 @@ def sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy():
         conn.close()
 
 # Asyncpg implementations
-async def raw_asyncpg_initialization():
+async def raw_asyncpg_initialization()-> None:
     dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
     await conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
     # truncate table to ensure clean state
     await conn.close()
 
-async def raw_asyncpg_write_heavy():
+async def raw_asyncpg_write_heavy()-> None:
     dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
     for i in range(10000):
@@ -192,42 +189,42 @@ async def raw_asyncpg_read_heavy():
     assert len(rows) == 20000
     await conn.close()
 
-async def sqlspec_asyncpg_initialization():
+async def sqlspec_asyncpg_initialization()-> None:
     sqlec = SQLSpec()
     config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
     async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
         await session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
-async def sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy():
+
+async def sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy()->None:
     sqlec = SQLSpec()
     config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
     async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
         for i in range(10000):
             await session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
 
-async def sqlspec_asyncpg_read_heavy():
+async def sqlspec_asyncpg_read_heavy()->None:
     sqlec = SQLSpec()
     config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
     async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
         rows = await session.fetch("SELECT * FROM test;")
-        print(len(rows))
         assert len(rows) == 0
 
-async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_initialization():
+async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_initialization()->None:
     engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     async with engine.connect() as conn:
         await conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
-async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_write_heavy():
+
+async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_write_heavy() -> None:
     engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     async with engine.connect() as conn:
         for i in range(10000):
             await conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
 
-async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy():
+async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy()-> None:
     engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     async with engine.begin() as conn:
         result = await conn.execute(text("SELECT * FROM test;"))
         rows = result.fetchall()
-        print(len(rows))
         assert len(rows) == 0
 
 SCENARIO_REGISTRY = {
@@ -253,7 +250,7 @@ async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy():
     # ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy,
 }
 
-def print_benchmark_table(results):
+def print_benchmark_table(results: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
     console = Console()
     table = Table(title="Benchmark Results")
     table.add_column("Driver", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
@@ -277,10 +274,7 @@ def print_benchmark_table(results):
             percent_slower = "—"
         else:
             raw_time = raw_times.get((driver, scenario))
-            if raw_time and raw_time > 0:
-                percent_slower = f"{100 * (t - raw_time) / raw_time:.1f}%"
-            else:
-                percent_slower = "n/a"
+            percent_slower = f"{100 * (t - raw_time) / raw_time:.1f}%" if raw_time and raw_time > 0 else "n/a"
         table.add_row(
             driver,
             lib,

From cff7b3d093819648f9a239cc97f2cc7945e3dacb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 17:15:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] asyncpg

---
 scripts/bench.py | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index 8f03184c..214f8f87 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
 import inspect
-import os
 import sqlite3
 import tempfile
 import time
@@ -81,8 +80,11 @@ def run_benchmark(driver: str, errors: list[str]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
 # SQLite implementations
 # ------------------------------
 
-CREATE_TEST_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE test (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT);"
+CREATE_TEST_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE test (value TEXT);"
+DROP_TEST_TABLE = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test;"
 INSERT_TEST_VALUE = "INSERT INTO test (value) VALUES (?);"
+INSERT_TEST_VALUE_ASYNCPG = "INSERT INTO test (value) VALUES ($1);"
+SELECT_TEST_VALUES = "SELECT * FROM test;"
 INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA = "INSERT INTO test (value) VALUES (:value);"
 
 def raw_sqlite_initialization()-> None:
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ def raw_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
         for i in range(10000):
             conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, (f"value_{i}",))
         conn.commit()
-        cursor = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM test;")
+        cursor = conn.execute(SELECT_TEST_VALUES)
         rows = cursor.fetchall()
         assert len(rows) == 10000
         conn.close()
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ def sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
             session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
             for i in range(10000):
                 session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
-            rows = session.fetch("SELECT * FROM test;")
+            rows = session.fetch(SELECT_TEST_VALUES)
             assert len(rows) == 10000
 
 def sqlalchemy_sqlite_initialization()-> None:
@@ -162,30 +164,28 @@ def sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
         conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
         for i in range(10000):
             conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
-        result = conn.execute(text("SELECT * FROM test;"))
+        result = conn.execute(text(SELECT_TEST_VALUES))
         rows = result.fetchall()
         assert len(rows) == 10000
         conn.close()
 
 # Asyncpg implementations
 async def raw_asyncpg_initialization()-> None:
-    dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
-    conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
+    conn = await connect(dsn="postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
+    await conn.execute(DROP_TEST_TABLE )
     await conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
     # truncate table to ensure clean state
     await conn.close()
 
 async def raw_asyncpg_write_heavy()-> None:
-    dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
-    conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
+    conn = await connect(dsn="postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     for i in range(10000):
-        await conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
+        await conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_ASYNCPG, f"value_{i}")
     await conn.close()
 
 async def raw_asyncpg_read_heavy():
-    dsn = os.environ.get("ASYNC_PG_DSN", "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
-    conn = await connect(dsn=dsn)
-    rows = await conn.fetch("SELECT * FROM test;")
+    conn = await connect(dsn="postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
+    rows = await conn.fetch(SELECT_TEST_VALUES)
     assert len(rows) == 20000
     await conn.close()
 
@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ async def sqlspec_asyncpg_initialization()-> None:
     sqlec = SQLSpec()
     config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
     async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
+        await session.execute(DROP_TEST_TABLE)
         await session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
 
 async def sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy()->None:
@@ -200,32 +201,31 @@ async def sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy()->None:
     config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
     async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
         for i in range(10000):
-            await session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
+            await session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_ASYNCPG, f"value_{i}")
 
 async def sqlspec_asyncpg_read_heavy()->None:
     sqlec = SQLSpec()
     config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
     async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
-        rows = await session.fetch("SELECT * FROM test;")
-        assert len(rows) == 0
+        rows = await session.fetch(SELECT_TEST_VALUES)
 
 async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_initialization()->None:
     engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     async with engine.connect() as conn:
+        await conn.execute(text(DROP_TEST_TABLE))
         await conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
 
 async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_write_heavy() -> None:
     engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     async with engine.connect() as conn:
         for i in range(10000):
-            await conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
+            await conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
 
 async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy()-> None:
     engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     async with engine.begin() as conn:
-        result = await conn.execute(text("SELECT * FROM test;"))
+        result = await conn.execute(text(SELECT_TEST_VALUES))
         rows = result.fetchall()
-        assert len(rows) == 0
 
 SCENARIO_REGISTRY = {
         # SQLite scenarios
@@ -239,15 +239,15 @@ async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy()-> None:
     ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "write_heavy"): sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy,
     ("sqlalchemy", "sqlite", "read_heavy"): sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy,
     # Asyncpg scenarios
-    # ("raw", "asyncpg", "initialization"): raw_asyncpg_initialization,
-    # ("raw", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_write_heavy,
-    # ("raw", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_read_heavy,
-    # ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "initialization"): sqlspec_asyncpg_initialization,
-    # ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy,
-    # ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): sqlspec_asyncpg_read_heavy,
-    # ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "initialization"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_initialization,
-    # ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_write_heavy,
-    # ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy,
+    ("raw", "asyncpg", "initialization"): raw_asyncpg_initialization,
+    ("raw", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_write_heavy,
+    ("raw", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): raw_asyncpg_read_heavy,
+    ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "initialization"): sqlspec_asyncpg_initialization,
+    ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy,
+    ("sqlspec", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): sqlspec_asyncpg_read_heavy,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "initialization"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_initialization,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "write_heavy"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_write_heavy,
+    ("sqlalchemy", "asyncpg", "read_heavy"): sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy,
 }
 
 def print_benchmark_table(results: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> None:

From 817ea188d82f642a2f40a157b77c64220ed253e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: euri10 <benoit.barthelet@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 17:23:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] number of rows

---
 scripts/bench.py | 27 ++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/bench.py b/scripts/bench.py
index 214f8f87..a9772811 100644
--- a/scripts/bench.py
+++ b/scripts/bench.py
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 from sqlspec.adapters.sqlite import SqliteConfig
 
 
+ROWS_TO_INSERT = 100_000
+
 @click.command()
 @click.option(
     "--driver",
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ def raw_sqlite_write_heavy()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
         conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
-        for i in range(10000):
+        for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
             conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, (f"value_{i}",))
         conn.commit()
         conn.close()
@@ -106,12 +108,12 @@ def raw_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
         conn = sqlite3.connect(tmp.name)
         conn.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
-        for i in range(10000):
+        for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
             conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, (f"value_{i}",))
         conn.commit()
         cursor = conn.execute(SELECT_TEST_VALUES)
         rows = cursor.fetchall()
-        assert len(rows) == 10000
+        assert len(rows) == ROWS_TO_INSERT
         conn.close()
 
 def sqlspec_sqlite_initialization()-> None:
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ def sqlspec_sqlite_write_heavy()-> None:
         config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
         with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
             session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
-            for i in range(10000):
+            for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
                 session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
 
 def sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
@@ -136,10 +138,10 @@ def sqlspec_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
         config = SqliteConfig(database=tmp.name)
         with spec.provide_session(config) as session:
             session.execute(CREATE_TEST_TABLE)
-            for i in range(10000):
+            for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
                 session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE, f"value_{i}")
             rows = session.fetch(SELECT_TEST_VALUES)
-            assert len(rows) == 10000
+            assert len(rows) == ROWS_TO_INSERT
 
 def sqlalchemy_sqlite_initialization()-> None:
     with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".db") as tmp:
@@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ def sqlalchemy_sqlite_write_heavy()-> None:
         engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
         conn = engine.connect()
         conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
-        for i in range(10000):
+        for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
             conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
         conn.close()
 
@@ -162,11 +164,11 @@ def sqlalchemy_sqlite_read_heavy()-> None:
         engine = create_engine(f"sqlite:///{tmp.name}")
         conn = engine.connect()
         conn.execute(text(CREATE_TEST_TABLE))
-        for i in range(10000):
+        for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
             conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
         result = conn.execute(text(SELECT_TEST_VALUES))
         rows = result.fetchall()
-        assert len(rows) == 10000
+        assert len(rows) == ROWS_TO_INSERT
         conn.close()
 
 # Asyncpg implementations
@@ -179,14 +181,13 @@ async def raw_asyncpg_initialization()-> None:
 
 async def raw_asyncpg_write_heavy()-> None:
     conn = await connect(dsn="postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
-    for i in range(10000):
+    for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
         await conn.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_ASYNCPG, f"value_{i}")
     await conn.close()
 
 async def raw_asyncpg_read_heavy():
     conn = await connect(dsn="postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     rows = await conn.fetch(SELECT_TEST_VALUES)
-    assert len(rows) == 20000
     await conn.close()
 
 async def sqlspec_asyncpg_initialization()-> None:
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ async def sqlspec_asyncpg_write_heavy()->None:
     sqlec = SQLSpec()
     config = AsyncpgConfig(connection_config={"dsn": "postgresql://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"})
     async with sqlec.provide_session(config) as session:
-        for i in range(10000):
+        for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
             await session.execute(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_ASYNCPG, f"value_{i}")
 
 async def sqlspec_asyncpg_read_heavy()->None:
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_initialization()->None:
 async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_write_heavy() -> None:
     engine = create_async_engine("postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres")
     async with engine.connect() as conn:
-        for i in range(10000):
+        for i in range(ROWS_TO_INSERT):
             await conn.execute(text(INSERT_TEST_VALUE_SQLA), {"value": f"value_{i}"})
 
 async def sqlalchemy_asyncpg_read_heavy()-> None: