Here we're going to create a network, boot an instance onto that network, attach a volume onto that instance, and then snapshot the instance into an image.
We'll be using Rackspace Public Cloud, which is implemented on top of OpenStack.
First thing we need to do is create a new ssh keypair so that we can ssh to our instances. In these examples, we'll create a new keypair, although you can also upload an existing public key.
We'll call our key "lisa":
$ nova keypair-add lisa > lisa.key
We also need to set permissions on it otherwise ssh won't let us use it.
$ chmod 0600 lisa.key
You should have a private and public network visible in your account:
$ nova network-list
+--------------------------------------+---------+------+
| ID | Label | CIDR |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------+
| 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | public | |
| 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111 | private | |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------+
We're going to create a new 10.30.0.0/24 network, which we'll call hackspace.
$ nova network-create hackspace 10.30.0.0/24
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| cidr | 10.30.0.0/24 |
| id | 5593dd67-feb4-4382-be86-1b9169ecde65 |
| label | hackspace |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
It should now show up in a list of networks:
$ nova network-list
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+
| ID | Label | CIDR |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+
| 5593dd67-feb4-4382-be86-1b9169ecde65 | hackspace | 10.30.0.0/24 |
| 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | public | |
| 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111 | private | |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+
Now we're going to boot an Ubuntu 12.04 instance into this network. List the available instance sizes, which OpenStack calls flavors:
$ nova flavor-list
+----+-------------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
| ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public |
+----+-------------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
| 2 | 512MB Standard Instance | 512 | 20 | 0 | 512 | 1 | 80.0 | N/A |
| 3 | 1GB Standard Instance | 1024 | 40 | 0 | 1024 | 1 | 120.0 | N/A |
| 4 | 2GB Standard Instance | 2048 | 80 | 0 | 2048 | 2 | 240.0 | N/A |
| 5 | 4GB Standard Instance | 4096 | 160 | 0 | 2048 | 2 | 400.0 | N/A |
| 6 | 8GB Standard Instance | 8192 | 320 | 0 | 2048 | 4 | 600.0 | N/A |
| 7 | 15GB Standard Instance | 15360 | 620 | 0 | 2048 | 6 | 800.0 | N/A |
| 8 | 30GB Standard Instance | 30720 | 1200 | 0 | 2048 | 8 | 1200.0 | N/A |
+----+-------------------------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
List the available images:
$ nova image-list
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ID | Name | Status | Server |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ba293687-4af0-4ccb-99e5-097d83f72dfe | Arch 2013.9 | ACTIVE | |
| 9522c27d-51d9-44ee-8eb3-fb7b14fd4042 | CentOS 5.10 | ACTIVE | |
| 59c037c1-70ec-41e4-aa17-73a9b0cb6b16 | CentOS 5.9 | ACTIVE | |
| f70ed7c7-b42e-4d77-83d8-40fa29825b85 | CentOS 6.4 | ACTIVE | |
| 695ca76e-fc0d-4e36-82e0-8ed66480a999 | Debian 6.06 (Squeeze) | ACTIVE | |
| 857d7d36-34f3-409f-8435-693e8797be8b | Debian 7 (Wheezy) | ACTIVE | |
| 896caae3-82f1-4b03-beaa-75fbdde27969 | Fedora 18 (Spherical Cow) | ACTIVE | |
| 8500226f-b193-4471-9eff-9cba8440bfc8 | Fedora 19 (Schrodinger's Cat) | ACTIVE | |
| fb624ffd-81c2-4217-8cd5-da32d32e85c4 | FreeBSD 9.2 | ACTIVE | |
| 73764eb8-3c1c-42a9-8fff-71f6beefc6a7 | Gentoo 13.3 | ACTIVE | |
| 8955d327-9a69-468f-be5c-60f571267406 | OpenSUSE 12.3 | ACTIVE | |
| 56ad2db2-d9cd-462e-a2a4-7f3a4fc91ee8 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.10 | ACTIVE | |
| 9d661e79-e473-4e2c-8a60-06b33b0add67 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.9 | ACTIVE | |
| c6e2fed0-75bf-420d-a744-7cfc75a1889e | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.4 | ACTIVE | |
| bced783b-31d2-4637-b820-fa02522c518b | Scientific Linux 6.4 | ACTIVE | |
| aab63bcf-89aa-440f-b0c7-c7a1c611914b | Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) | ACTIVE | |
| c3153cde-2d23-4186-b7da-159adbe2858b | Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) | ACTIVE | |
| ead43b0d-f84f-4bc1-8682-5b6046e69552 | Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) | ACTIVE | |
| 9e1a83cf-ba21-44b6-8808-5837e291cfe2 | Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail) | ACTIVE | |
| 868a0966-0553-42fe-b8b3-5cadc0e0b3c5 | Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander) | ACTIVE | |
| 59b394f6-b2e0-4f11-b7d1-7fea4abc60a0 | Vyatta Network OS 6.5R2 | ACTIVE | |
| d7530109-edcf-400f-813c-9e11334a92c1 | Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 | ACTIVE | |
| 7462c004-59cb-403c-9a8d-823ce978a00c | Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 (base install without updates) | ACTIVE | |
| d1f37a43-724c-4fd4-b2c2-6f6ed822d5d2 | Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 + SQL Server 2008 R2 SP2 Standard | ACTIVE | |
| 29950004-52cf-4ef7-8a84-7e9f63b6e06f | Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 + SQL Server 2008 R2 SP2 Web | ACTIVE | |
| 693f7e97-e723-4e42-bee6-ff4160106fa0 | Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 + SQL Server 2012 SP1 Standard | ACTIVE | |
| 4f01c063-993a-43ff-b476-3aaf995d969a | Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 + SQL Server 2012 SP1 Web | ACTIVE | |
| c2f7f30d-6b0f-4d08-af20-cefcc836ecd5 | Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 + SharePoint 2010 Foundation with SQL Server 2008 R2 Express | ACTIVE | |
| 72b86dd1-6fe5-4890-8f05-f61d30f65246 | Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 + SharePoint 2010 Foundation with SQL Server 2008 R2 SP1 Standard | ACTIVE | |
| d4f4fc02-299c-4dad-9b85-0576a0336472 | Windows Server 2012 | ACTIVE | |
| 68c3112f-bbef-4a17-9b4c-fb7f7444376f | Windows Server 2012 (base install without updates) | ACTIVE | |
| 41af66f7-6122-48de-b79c-13c98a5febbe | Windows Server 2012 + SQL Server 2012 SP1 Standard | ACTIVE | |
| a68198b3-5bef-4779-a564-3c96f64b8df3 | Windows Server 2012 + SQL Server 2012 SP1 Web | ACTIVE | |
| 639ec81b-35ac-4346-a275-4f31f7bb9504 | Windows Server 2012 + SharePoint 2013 with SQL Server 2012 SP1 Standard | ACTIVE | |
+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------+--------+
We're going to use flavor 2 (512 MB Standard Instance), and image c3153cde-2d23-4186-b7da-159adbe2858b (Ubuntu 12.04).
We'll call this instance web, and specify that it should be on the hackspace network we created, with IP address 10.30.0.5.
We will use the --no-service-net argument so that our instance does not get connected to the private network.
$ nova boot --flavor 2 --image c3153cde-2d23-4186-b7da-159adbe2858b --key-name lisa --nic net-id=5593dd67-feb4-4382-be86-1b9169ecde65,v4-fixed-ip=10.30.0.5 web --no-service-net
Initial output should look like this:
+------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| status | BUILD |
| updated | 2013-11-02T02:07:05Z |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| key_name | lisa |
| image | Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) |
| hostId | |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| flavor | 512MB Standard Instance |
| id | 659fe85d-a59d-4e04-9785-e2942eea1f1b |
| user_id | 97f0118696f24dc18031b5f9a0cfd9df |
| name | web |
| adminPass | 76rGPb8a76ua |
| tenant_id | 869769 |
| created | 2013-11-02T02:07:05Z |
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | AUTO |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| progress | 0 |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |
| config_drive | |
| metadata | {} |
+------------------------+--------------------------------------+
The nova list command will give you information about the status.
+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 659fe85d-a59d-4e04-9785-e2942eea1f1b | web | BUILD | spawning | NOSTATE | hackspace=10.30.0.2; public=162.209.109.95, 2001:4802:7800:0002:1b1e:746f:ff20:0b7a |
+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Eventually, the stauts will become ACTIVE:
+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 659fe85d-a59d-4e04-9785-e2942eea1f1b | web | ACTIVE | None | Running | hackspace=10.30.0.2; public=162.209.109.95, 2001:4802:7800:0002:1b1e:746f:ff20:0b7a |
+--------------------------------------+------+--------+------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Once active, you will be able to ssh as root using the lisa.key private key file you created. In the example above, the public IP address is 162.209.109.95, in your specific case it will be different:
$ ssh -i lisa.key root@162.209.109.95
Warning: Permanently added '162.209.109.95' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-53-virtual x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
System information as of Sat Nov 2 02:08:45 UTC 2013
System load: 0.08 Processes: 64
Usage of /: 4.9% of 19.68GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 10% IP address for eth0: 162.209.109.95
Swap usage: 0% IP address for eth1: 10.30.0.2
Graph this data and manage this system at https://landscape.canonical.com/
The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
root@web:~#
Note that there are two interfaces, eth0 has IP address 162.209.109.95 and is on the public network and eth1 has IP address 10.30.0.2 and is on the hackspace network.
Don't forget to log out of the instance:
root@web:~# exit
logout
Connection to 162.209.109.95 closed.
We're going to attach a 100 GB volume (block device) to our instance.
First, we create the 100GB volume:
$ nova volume-create 100
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
| status | available |
| display_name | None |
| attachments | [] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| created_at | 2013-11-02T02:14:09.000000 |
| display_description | None |
| volume_type | SATA |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| size | 100 |
| id | 455ec395-cfab-4319-bbf0-1d061c14a7e8 |
| metadata | {} |
+---------------------+--------------------------------------+
We should now be able to see it using nova volume-list
$ nova volume-list
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+
| ID | Status | Display Name | Size | Volume Type | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+
| 455ec395-cfab-4319-bbf0-1d061c14a7e8 | available | None | 100 | SATA | |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------------+------+-------------+-------------+
We're going to attach this to our web instance. We'll use the "auto" argument to let OpenStack select the device file that is associated with the instance.
$ nova volume-attach web 455ec395-cfab-4319-bbf0-1d061c14a7e8 auto
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
| device | /dev/xvdb |
| serverId | 659fe85d-a59d-4e04-9785-e2942eea1f1b |
| id | 455ec395-cfab-4319-bbf0-1d061c14a7e8 |
| volumeId | 455ec395-cfab-4319-bbf0-1d061c14a7e8 |
+----------+--------------------------------------+
Here we format that volume as an ext4 file system and then mount it as /mnt/vol:
root@web:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb
mke2fs 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214400 blocks
1310720 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
root@web:~# mkdir /mnt/vol
root@web:~# mount /dev/xvdb /mnt/vol
We can confirm the size using df:
root@web:~# df -h /mnt/vol
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvdb 99G 188M 94G 1% /mnt/vol
We can also unmount it and then detach it from the instance:
root@web:~# umount /mnt/vol
root@web:~# exit
logout
Connection to 162.209.109.95 closed.
$ nova volume-detach web 455ec395-cfab-4319-bbf0-1d061c14a7e8
The volume still exists, and if we had stored any files on it, those files would persist until we deleted the volume:
$ nova volume-delete 455ec395-cfab-4319-bbf0-1d061c14a7e8
You can capture a running instance to an image, which you can deploy later.
$ nova image-create web web-snapshot
It will take a while to snapshot the instance to an image. You can check the status:
$ nova image-show web-snapshot
+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| metadata com.rackspace__1__visible_rackconnect | 0 |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__visible_core | 0 |
| metadata instance_uuid | 659fe85d-a59d-4e04-9785-e2942eea1f1b |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__options | 0 |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__release_id | 1003 |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__release_build_date | 2013-10-03_08-56-47 |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__build_rackconnect | 1 |
| metadata instance_type_swap | 512 |
| metadata instance_type_memory_mb | 512 |
| id | dfef31c2-d0dc-4644-9c53-d45963115310 |
| metadata org.openstack__1__os_distro | com.ubuntu |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__visible_managed | 0 |
| metadata instance_type_rxtx_factor | 80 |
| metadata os_type | linux |
| metadata image_type | snapshot |
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | AUTO |
| metadata password_0 | RJZbqpD8bgj4TlyceXQ0WUASFIuFYkHIT30/TlWEgIEwqwfv5PAUJuDWCDbKuSEN7sZSiJfF3LTb+2ibyb3UoIgiA9KWQIbL3TuyxrchSyEZRQI3HZQn/2GQNFgif8Nr7769krmtdTvZDxaV+ZOW7JMZGn2Mcs2NTzvYE/7jQEvRA4k7LmUVfqBVbBNk5EXhgWfY3Guc7YulJ+bGsyBvroVY7RVTztFsFnaVq0XXnnROPt+bbmJBepgm+U1f7UI |
| metadata password_1 | pkPyw++QUOr09k9YLj9PrsgF3IvXb33UgWUw/FRtbjyAKqskGcTH5gsxX9SnLUhsE3V1sVUVr97jBDfvgsA5wNw== |
| minRam | 512 |
| status | SAVING |
| metadata os_distro | ubuntu |
| updated | 2013-11-02T04:27:28Z |
| metadata instance_type_id | 2 |
| metadata instance_type_vcpu_weight | 10 |
| metadata org.openstack__1__architecture | x64 |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__build_core | 1 |
| metadata base_image_ref | 25de7af5-1668-46fb-bd08-9974b63a4806 |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__build_managed | 1 |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__release_version | 7 |
| metadata org.openstack__1__os_version | 12.04 |
| metadata instance_type_name | 512MB Standard Instance |
| progress | 50 |
| metadata instance_type_flavorid | 2 |
| name | web-snapshot |
| metadata instance_type_vcpus | 1 |
| metadata user_id | 97f0118696f24dc18031b5f9a0cfd9df |
| OS-EXT-IMG-SIZE:size | 0 |
| created | 2013-11-02T04:27:21Z |
| minDisk | 20 |
| server | 659fe85d-a59d-4e04-9785-e2942eea1f1b |
| metadata instance_type_root_gb | 20 |
| metadata auto_disk_config | True |
| metadata com.rackspace__1__source | kickstart |
| metadata instance_type_ephemeral_gb | 0 |
+------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Next exercise is object storage.